Grain quality of spring soft wheat in the northern forest-steppe of the Southern Urals

The results of evaluation of spring soft wheat grain quality in the conditions of the Southern Urals depending on the means of intensification and meteorological conditions of the vegetation period of the crop are presented. It was found that gluten content in wheat grain was determined by weather conditions of the year by 62%, nitrogen fertilizer application by 24.2%, and the forecrop by 13%. Strong correlation dependence was established between gluten content and average daily temperature on the background without fertilizers in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of wheat by 64%. On the background with mineral fertilizers (N) there was a strong correlation in the phase of tillering – booting with the sum of effective temperatures by 52% and with HTC by 94%. Protein content increased by 12.1% from the fertilization background. Protein content in spring wheat grain was strongly correlated with precipitation and HTC on the background without fertilizers in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of the crop by 55–56%. Strong correlation was observed between the weight of 1000 grains of spring wheat and HTC in the tillering phase by 54–57%, with precipitation in the phase of earing –flowering by 48–55%, in the phase of milk-wax ripeness with average daily temperatures by 67–77%, sums of effective temperatures by 67–75%, with precipitation on the background of N by 66%. Natural weight of spring wheat was in strong correlation with precipitation in the phase of sprouting – tillering by 56–69% and HTC by 93–96%, as well as with the sum of effective temperatures and average air temperature in the phase of milk-wax ripeness by 50–56%. Thus, the formation of quality indicators of spring soft wheat grain was influenced to a greater extent by the temperature regime and the amount of precipitation in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of the crop.

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