Influence of climatic conditions of the Bryansk region on the development and spread of fusariosis in narrow-leafed lupine crops

The article presents the results of studying the spread of root rot and wilting diseases caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium in lupine crops. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of meteorological factors of the Bryansk region on the damage of lupine by fusarium root rot and wilting of plants, their harmfulness and to develop proposals to control them. The work was carried out in 2019–2023. The object of research was the plants of narrow-leafed lupine variety Belorozovy 144 in the sowing with application of protection means and in the control sowing (without application of protection means). Identification of the pathogens was carried out by morphological signs of sporulation during the vegetation period using humidified chambers and light microscope. It was found that root rot of narrow-leafed lupine is caused by the fungus F. avenaceum, and tracheomycosis wilt of plants by F. oxysporum. The intensity of their development was determined by the amount of precipitation and the air temperature during the growing season. Tracheomycosis wilt caused the greatest damage to narrow-leafed lupine crops. During the years of research in the control crop, its affection of plants during vegetation varied from 9.1 to 29.0%, and root rot – 4.6...8.3%. In sowing with application of means of protection plant damage by these diseases decreased by 6.3...19.6% and by 4.5...7.2%, respectively. The average number of preserved plants with beans (5.8 beans/plant) increased by 33.4 units/m2 in relation to the control crop. At the same time, the mass of 1000 seeds increased by 17.1 g and the seed yield increased by 0.97 t/ha. A reliable inverse correlation relationship (r = –0.89, p = 0.039) between narrow-leafed lupine seed yield and plant infestation by fungus F. oxysporum was found. A high significant inverse relationship (r = –0.89, p = 0.039) between the average daily air temperature in July and seed yield was found. Thus, to reduce the number of diseased narrow-leafed lupine plants affected by fusarium root rot and wilting, as well as to reduce seed yield losses, it is ne- cessary to conduct seed dressing and treatment of crops in the phases of 2–3 true leaves and budding beginning of flowering with fungicides with high efficacy against pathogenic fungi F. avenaceum and F. oxysporum.

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