Etio-pathogenetic “mysteries” of factor pathology (to the 50th anniversary of S.I. Dzhupina's priority concept of factor diseases)

Factor and opportunistic diseases without trivial sources of infection, trizal epizootic chain transmission and other trivial attributes of “old” epizootology remain in its modern competence, contributing to the progress of opposite directions in this field of science and practice. Their substantive and semantic definition implies the unacceptability of outdated ideas and dogmas regarding the epizootic process as the only possible form of existence of infections. The priority paradigm formulated by Charles Nicolle (1930) and I.V. Davydovsky (1956) in the context of prophetic postulates regarding the evolution of infectious pathology, in the very idea disavows the archaic nature of the still dominant key provisions of epizootology. In case of factor infections, ubiquitousness of habitat of abiotic and biotic pathogens puts all phenomena in the category of accidental; factor causa prima and consequences are not predictable, not controllable and not manageable in principle. As such, medical and veterinary provision options are very limited. Solely specific prophylaxis and vaccination as its predominant element in veterinary medicine by its palliative nature do not achieve eradication of infection. Against the background of total application of the measures, such unfavorable epizootic phenomena as vaccine dependence, proepizooticization and evolution of pathogens adapting to persistence on an immune background occur. The present paper discusses a group of infections characterized by non-epizootic causes, severe, idiopathically exacerbated, but without the attributes of epizooticism mastitis, strangles, necrobacteriosis, paratuberculosis, and “new” non-canonical clostridioses. Critical factors of their etiology and pathogenesis are absolutely unexpected in canonical pathology “coordinated” processes and mechanisms from conditional pathogenicity of microorganisms-commensals to normal physiological departures and even direct harm of etiotropic therapy.

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