Justification and calculation of thermal accumulator parameters for diesel engine preheating

Abstract

Modern operating conditions for diesel engines in cold climates require the introduction of efficient preheating technologies, which will ensure reliable engine start and reduce engine wear. One of the promising solutions is the use of thermal accumulators based on phase-change materials (TAPCM). These systems have a high heat capacity and are able to retain heat for a long time and allow functioning autonomously, which is especially important in the absence of external energy sources. The article discusses the development of an autonomous preheating system for the D-243 diesel engine using a thermal accumulator with phase change substances. The basic principle of operation is based on using the properties of phase-change materials, such as sodium crystalline hydrates, to effectively conserve the accumulated heat and transfer it to the engine before starting. The charging process of the system involves heating the phase change capsules from the engine cooling system, and during the discharging process at engine startup, the heat stored by the heat storage material is used to evenly warm up the engine systems and mechanisms. This significantly reduces warm-up time, fuel consumption and engine wear. Calculations confirming the efficiency of thermal accumulators with phase change are presented. It has been found that for the D-243 engine the volume of the heat accumulator should be  10.6 liters, which provides enough heat for preheating. The use of such systems allows minimizing heat losses, reducing the time of engine warm-up to operating temperature and reducing wear and tear of its components and mechanisms