Theoretical framework for developing a passport of grain harvester

Abstract

By way of example of harvesting grain crops with yield of 18 centners per ha is considered a procedure for determining operating speed and performance of a harvester of the 6 kg/c class. At two-phase harvesting, a harvester is fully loaded with swaths of grain crops cut by swathers with operating coverages of 20, 16, 12 and 10 m at the operating speeds of 6.2; 7.8; 10.4 and 12.5 km/h. At these speeds, a harvester takes 12.5 ha for 1 hour; daily output for 10 hours of work makes up 84.3 ha at the normative ratio of non-grain component weight of 1 : 1.5. At the ratio of 1 : 2.3, daily performance decreases to 71.4 ha; at 1 : 0.8 increases to 110.8 ha. In a similar way is determined daily performance of a harvester at the normative part of non-grain component weight of 1.5 as well as 2.3 and 0.8, at operating swaths of the header from 5 to 12 m when threshed grain crops with yields from 10 to 50 centners/ha. When we know daily performance of the harvester and yield, we can determine costs and price for the products obtained. The data of technological passport allow us to set a permissible speed of a harvester, when it takes grain crops, on each field depending on relief, length of run, and other factors; to choose the most rational technology and harvesting machinery as well as a degree of using passport’s capabilities of a harvester. The rational combination of direct and two-phase methods of harvesting of grain crops, and availability of necessary headers and swathers in farms make it possible to increase the effectiveness of their use, decrease costs and improve quality of the products obtained.