Seasonal flight dynamics of dominant Lepidoptera pests in modern gardens

Under the influence of a number of factors, changes occur in fruit agrocenoses that manifest themselves in the natural evolutionary processes of the dynamics of the species and quantitative composition of phytophages, their harmfulness and developmental biology. The greatest impact on the formation of the complexes of harmful species is exerted by the shifts in the climate system, an increase in global warming, an increase in the waves of extremely high temperatures and their recurrence, and an increase in dangerous meteorological phenomena. Monitoring of perennial plantations shows changes in the formation and development features of the Lepidoptera complex. Every year, during the entire growing season, sympatric species are observed in the garden agrocenoses of the Krasnodar Territory: apple Cydia pomonella L., plum Grapholitha funebrana Mats., oriental codling moth Grapholita molesta Busck (fam. Tortricidae) and the double-banded pyralid moth Euzophera bigella Zeller (fam. Pyralidae), which live in the cenosis throughout the growing season. It has been established that different temperature conditions and relative air humidity in the spring period influence the nature of the dynamics of the emergence of individuals of the overwintered generation. A distinctive feature in the flight of C. pomonella, G. funebrana, G. molesta is numerous peaks, which indicates an uneven yield of individuals in the agrocenosis of the orchard at the beginning of the growing season. As a result of monitoring fruit plantations, significant differences have been noted (across horticultural zones and years) in the timing of the emergence of butterflies of the overwintered generation – the difference ranges from 5 to 12 days. It has been revealed that the spring period unstable weather contributes to uneven and extended the emergence of the imago of the overwintered generation. The extension of the growing season by a month in 2023 and 2024 increased the flight duration of Lepidoptera phytophages. A study of the seasonal flight dynamics of Lepidoptera pests showed that dominant species develop in several generations in the Krasnodar Territory: C. pomonella and G. funebrana have three generations each, E. bigella has four, and G. molesta has five.

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