There were studied technologies for spring wheat cultivation at various levels of intensification in the central forest-steppe agrolandscape areas near the Ob. The years of research were distinguished by contrast agroclimatic conditions, these were extremely dry (2012), excessively moistened (2013), and nearly long-term averaged (2011, 2014) years. It is shown that when cultivating spring wheat in grain/fallow rotations, the following is significant: tillage, a variety chosen, mineral fertilizers, protection means from pests, and the methods for managing the production process. The best tillage system is a combination of deep subsoil tillage and shallow loosening. The use of new varieties adapted to local conditions makes it possible to additionally obtain 0.4-0.5 t of grain per ha. The use of humates with micronutrient fertilizers in tank mixtures with herbicides and fungicides makes it possible to additionally obtain 0.2-0.5 t of grain per ha with little costs due to combining operations, and low cost chemicals. The integrated use of fertilizers, pesticides and growth regulators is the most mportant factor in high-efficiency technologies. In the average and favorable years, this factor provides obtaining 4.0-4.5 t of grain per ha in intensive technologies that is 1.5-2.0 times higher than in extensive ones. In these years, the highest cost-efficiency of grain production is also achieved in intensive technologies. In dry years, yields of spring wheat significantly decrease, and its cultivation is expedient only at the level of normal technologies.

Results are given from experiments on treating oat seeds and vegetating plants with peat-based humic fertilizer. The experiments were conducted in 2009-2014 in breeding crop rotation of the Narym Department of Breeding and Seed Production, Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat, located in the taiga zone of Western Siberia (Tomsk Region). The object of study was oat varieties Togurchanin and Narymskiy 943, and peat-based humic fertilizer “Gumostim” in 0.001 percent concentration of humic acids. It has been found that “Gumostim 0.001” has a positive effect on technological characteristics of oats: thousand-kernel weight increased by 0.3-3.7 g, accumulation rate of crude protein by 0.2-0.4 percent, except for cold and excessively moistened conditions of growing; chaff reduced by 0.1-1.9 percent, except for hot and dry conditions of growing. As a result of treating seeds with “Gumostim”, the yield of oat grain increased by 0.03-0.21 tonnes per ha. The analysis of yield structure has shown that after treating with “Gumostim 0.001” the height of haulm stand increased by 1-5 cm, grain content of the panicle by 3-5 kernels, length of the panicle by 1 cm, except for hot and dry years. Treatments with “Gumostim” had almost no effect on the length of the growing season (-1 day) and resistance of plants to lodging (+0.2 point). Under any weather conditions, treatments with ”Gumostim 0.001” improved the phytosanitary condition of seeds (by 2.1-10.5 percent). Treatments with ”Gumostim 0.001” had a weak effect on the length of the growing season and resistance of plants to lodging.

There were assessed agrobackgrounds in spring wheat cultivation and wheat seed treatment in reducing harmful effect of root rot and rising yields. Recordings and observations were performed in the experimental field of the Irkutsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Irkutsk Region. Agrobackgrounds (liming, N30P30K30-compound and seed treatment with Vial Trust 0.4 l/t) were studied against the background of green manuring in a field sod-based rotation in 2013-2014. The total affection of untreated wheat seeds was 76.7% on the average for the two years. Liming and fertilization contributed to small growth in root rot propagation, e.g. by 8.2% during the phase of wheat seedlings when limed, by 2.7% when used N30P30K30-compound against the background without liming, and by 1.8% when combined with liming. Seed treatment reduced root rot propagation during the phase of seedlings in comparison to variants without treatment against different backgrounds. Without liming and fertilization, this reduction reached 9.9%, against the background of N30P30K30-compound 6.6%; in the variant with liming without fertilization 7.4%, against the background of N30P30K30-compound 2.7%. The same tendency was seen during the later phases of wheat development. The statistically significant increase in yield was obtained in the variants of fertilization + seed treatment (1.10 t/ha), liming + fertilization (1.13 t/ha), and with complex application of liming, fertilization and seed treatment (1.26 t/ha).

Economic efficiency and bio-energy assessments of soil tillage systems under conditions of the dry steppe zone of the Republic of Buryatia are given. The assessments were performed in 1993-2008 in a long-term field experiment established in 1972 using the scientific and experimental facilities of the Buryat Research Institute of Agriculture under rainfed conditions. The following tillage systems were studied: annual plowing to the 20-22-cm depth; annual boardless plowing to the 20-22-cm depth; annual boardless plowing to the 28-30-cm depth; annual boardless plowing to the 12-14-cm depth; fallow since spring time (boardless plowing to the 12-14-cm depth, summer deep loosening to the 28-30-cm depth) and boardless plowing to the 12-14-cm depth to the second and third crops; combined tillage in the fallow (spring boardless plowing to the 12-14-cm depth and summer deep plowing to the 28-30-cm depth) and boardless plowing to the 12-14-cm depth to the second and third crops. The experiment was carried out in a typical four-course rotation (bare fallow - wheat - oats - oats for green mass). It has been found that the most effective technique for this crop rotation is a combined soil tillage system, when shallow boardless plowings to the 12-14-cm depth to the second and third crops are interrupted by deep plowing in the fallow to the 28-30-cm depth. This tillage system allows us to obtain 8.6-12.9 centners per ha to the unit of rotation area, conditional net income of 1976-2576 rubles per ha with profitability of 100-135% and energy coefficient of 0.91-1.48.

Data are given from experiments on studying spring barley accessions in 2012-2014. Variety trial on studying and evaluating productivity of collection and breeding lines of spring barley was conducted in the experimental field of the Tuvinian Research Institute of Agriculture in 2012-2014. Investigations were carried out under conditions of sharply continental climate in the Republic of Tuva. The objects of study were 24 breeding lines of spring barley. Productivity and grain quality were analyzed depending on a variety and weather conditions. Based on the study were selected the best breeding lines having a number of economic characters, and variety specimens most adapted to natural-climatic conditions of the region. There were revealed the lines with the index of productivity elements higher three standard deviations (X + 3s), which have been of interest for further study as sources of high productivity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the 24 breeding lines of spring barley studied, the two was found to be high-productive; seven have the high grain content; four the maximum ear productivity; five high thousand-kernel weight. The four breeding lines characterized by a complex of valuable traits were selected. There were revealed distinctions as to such quantitative elements as height of the plant, ear productivity, grain weight per plant, thousand-kernel weight. Based on the data obtained, one can distinguish a two-row breeding line K-23682 characterized by stable productivity across years and high indices of productivity elements, which can be included in the variety trial scheme as a promising line.

There were studied spinach varieties of three maturity groups, and techniques for preparing seeds to sowing. Investigations were carried out in the experimental field of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Tyumen Region, in 2013, 2014.The objectives of investigations were to determine promising varieties and influence of seed grading and seed rates on spinach yields. In the experiment were used the following varieties: early-ripening Krepysh and Stoik, mid-ripening Dolphin P3 and Zhirnolistny, late-ripening Varyag. It was found that the greenery yields in early-ripening spinach varieties made up 5.98-6.24 tonnes per ha, mid-ripening 6.27-6.64, and late-ripening 10.46 tonnes per ha, with seed yields of 1.09-1.17, 1.25-1.31 and 1.86 tonnes per ha, respectively. At seed rate of 8 kg seeds of different fractions per ha, the greenery yield was within experimental error 6.93-7.53 tonnes per ha, seed yield 1.28-1.40 tonnes per ha. At seed rate of 800 ths viable seeds per ha, the greenery yield made up 5.78-8.85 tonnes per ha, seed yield 1.14-1.37 tonnes per ha, which increased with the fraction size increased, too. Growing of spinach varieties of different maturity groups has provided pipelined greenery supply during 22 days.

Methods are suggested to calculate metabolizable energy requirements for meat-and-porkpurpose fattening pigs depending on a planned productivity level. Investigations carried out have shown that metabolizable energy is a scientifically-grounded criterion for determining animals’ needs for energy. The methods were developed at the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Animal Husbandry using the facilities of the Agroindustrial Holding Vostok Co Ltd (Krasnoyarsk Territory). The chemical composition of pork was analyzed at the Krasnoyarsk Territorial Veterinary Laboratory. The object of study was pigs of Large White breed. The research method was factorial one. The technique for rationing animals’ needs for metabolizable energy allows using the factorial method based on the knowledge of how much energy is needed for certain physiological functions (energy for sustaining life, energy of heat production at nutrient metabolism, energy of heat and cold provision, energy for producing products). Daily metabolizable energy requirement of fattening pigs of Large White breed was calculated from the equations at the optimum temperature and at deviation from the critical temperature. The technique for rationing animals’ needs for metabolizable energy makes it possible to forecast exactly production performance of animals depending on their genetic potential, physiological state and keeping conditions. It allows pig producers to organize science-based feeding of animals and produce high-quality products with minimum costs for feeds, which make up 70% of pork production costs.

There are given the comparative results of the qualitative and quantitative study of serum samples from animals infected with the bovine rhinotracheitis virus obtained by the two serological diagnosis methods, these are virus neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The studies were performed at the Laboratory of Virology of the Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East, Novosibirsk. During the period 2013-2015 were investigated 246 serum samples from animals of 7 farms in different regions of the Russian Federation: Tyumen Region, Krasnoyarsk and Altai Territories, as well as the Republic of Kazakhstan. The statistical analysis showed a low degree of consistency in the results of the methods used. The Kappa ratio was 0.27. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of ELISA in comparison with VN were 99.5% and 18.7%, respectively. No correlation between values of antibody titers in VN and blocking quantity in ELISA was found. This indicates the fact that the commercial ELISA set used makes it possible to detect the presence of antibodies in the infected animals, but it does not provide a clear opportunity to conduct the quantitative analysis and to interpret results obtained. The use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is advisable, when conducting mass (screening) studies with the purpose of detecting infected animals. The virus neutralization test allows us not only to identify infected animals but also to establish the amount of specific antibodies that gives an indication of the nature of the infection process.

There was evaluated the effectiveness of lactic acid supplement when introduced into activated feed diets for broiler chickens. There was determined the quantitative and qualitative composition of the feed sample’s microbiocenosis as well as after-slaughter microcenosis of the blind intestinal processes in a bird at 42 days of age. There were investigated the following feed samples: pure lactic acid supplement (LAS); LAS diluted with distilled water to 0.2%; LAS added to feed; and pelleted LAS. There are given results of the microcenosis of the blind intestinal processes in chickens, which were fed with diets with different LAS percentage. It has been found that pelleted LAS keep their wholesome qualities much longer. Pelleting and drying improve resistance of feed mixtures to mold fungi and saprogenic microflora. Processing of feed mixtures in such a way makes it possible to prolong storage up to 15 days, thereby allows preparing the sufficient amount of feeds before next feeding. It has been proved that consumption of LAS with activated high-enzymatic feed in pellets ten times increases the content of lactic acid bacteria in the blind intestinal processes of broiler chickens, the number of lactose-negative coliform bacilli reducing 17 times.

Results are given from monitoring of parasitic anthropozoonoses in wild animals in the border areas of Transbaikal Territory with Mongolia and China. Surveillance, sampling and investigation of the pathologic material were conducted at the territory of experimental research facility of the Research Institute of Veterinary Science of Eastern Siberia located in Akshinskiy District as well as in the following border areas: Mogochinskiy, Gazimuro-Zavodskiy, Nerchinsko-Zavodskiy, Kalganskiy, Priargunskiy, Krasnokamenskiy, Zabaikalskiy, Borzinskiy, Ononskiy, Kyrinskiy, Krasnochikoiskiy. The research material was the reporting data of veterinary and medical establishments, hunt inspections, reserves, and Rosstat. In the forest-steppe and taiga zones (in the north of Transbaikal Territory in Mogochinskiy, Gazimuro-Zavodskiy and Nerchinsko-Zavodskiy Districts, in the south in Akshinskiy, Kyrinskiy and Krasnochikoiskiy Districts) were recorded the great number of wild animals with the population of agricultural ones being low. In the steppe areas of the Territory, the livestock population prevails. As a result, agricultural animals kept in the forest-steppe and taiga areas of Transbaikal Territory are subject to the maximum risks to be infected with parasitic anthropozoonoses. In the border areas with Mongolia, the eight helminth anthropozoonoses were detected in predators (bear, wolf, lynx, and etc), six in noble ungulates (elk, red deer, Siberian roe, boar), five in dzerens annually migrating from Mongolia. At present, Mogochinskiy, Gazimuro-Zavodskiy, Nerchinsko-Zavodskiy, Akshinskiy, Kyrinskiy and Krasnochikoiskiy Districts of Transbaikal Territory are most dangerous in the epizootic terms for both wild animals and agricultural animals and humans. Animal life in the rest of border areas is poor, and of no danger in distributing helminth anthropozoonoses.

Results are given from studies into ultra-structural peculiarities of chorionic cells depending on a developmental stage of endometrial cups of the uterus in mares. Investigations were carried out at the Research Institute of Veterinary Science of Eastern Siberia, Chita, Transbaikal Territory. Regular, generally biological, structural and functional changes have been observed in the mucous membrane of the genital tract of mares caused by changing phases of sexual cycles and pregnancies as well as by he appearance of temporary specific structures of the uterus in the endometrium that is a specific feature of the horse’s reproductive system. The presence of large chorionic cells has been revealed that are represented by the three types of cells: single-nuclear, dual-nuclear and vacuolating. The maximum number of single-nuclear chorionic cells was recorded during the period of endometrial cups formation (78%), by the period of rejection their number decreased to 48%. The maximum number of dual-nuclear cells of up to 34% was found during the period of their rise. The number of vacuolating cells increased from 4 to 35% by the moment of rejection of these cups. It has been found that single- and dual-nuclear chorionic cells in the early period of endometrial cups development always demonstrate the presence of well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum with long, narrow profiles and ribosomes densely located on their membranes. The nuclei of chorionic cells havedifferent shapes from oval to round. The nuclear membrane is very rugged, nuclear pores are well expressed. The structure of chromatin in the nucleus is constantly changing; in certain cells, it is located diffusely, in other cells, its individual clumps are concentrated on the inner surface of the nuclear membrane. The nuclei of glandular cells contain significant amounts of chromatin clumps located diffusely throughout the nucleus but in certain glandular cells chromatin clumps are concentrated at the inner layer of the nuclear membrane.

There were analyzed certain dependencies of oats productivity on climatic and agrochemical factors under conditions of the north of Tomsk Region. Investigations were carried out in the experimental field of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat, Tomsk, based on a long-term field experiment established in 1947 in time and space to study the organomineral fertilizer system and agricultural crop rotations. The experimental data for 1983-2007 were to be investigated. It has been found that oats productivity is only 38 percent determined by heat and moisture availability during the growing period. It has been revealed that the NPK-compound in a dose of 60 kg a. i. per ha against the background of 40 t/ha manure aftereffect provides the maximum increase in oat grain yield as compared with the natural background without fertilizers, that is 1.39 t/ha (89%). The high doses of mineral fertilizers of 90 and 120 kg a. i. per ha did not have an advantage in this case as compared with the dose of 60 kg a. i. per ha; the gains to the control were 1.27 (81%), 1.28 (82%), and 1.36 (87%), respectively. The availability of oats with major nutrition elements at the end of seven-course rotation cycle at the level sufficient for the plant growth and development is N-NO3-1.4-8.4 mg per 100 g of soil, K2O-5.1-7.5, P2O5-18.1-22.7 mg per 100 g of soil. It has been concluded that oats productivity is 98 percent determined by the content of labile phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen cations in soil.

There are presented morphological, biological and economic characters and properties of a new spring barley cultivar called Abalak recommended to be used for forage and food purposes. The cultivar is a result of joint cooperation between the Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural (Tyumen Region) and the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The cultivar Abalak was obtained by hybridization followed by individual selection from the hybrid population Y-53-8515 × Ca 46925. It is mid-ripening, with the growing period from sprouting to wax maturity of 71 days on the average ranged from 61 to 85 days that was studied during competitive variety trial at the Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural in 2008-2014. The cultivar is of medium height ranged from 71.6 to 102.8 cm and averaged 86.8 cm as compared to the standard Acha with its 79.1 cm, resistant to lodging. For the years of study, the average grain yield made up 5.88 tonnes per ha with 5.20 in the standard Acha. The maximum yield of 7.70 tonnes per ha was obtained in 2010. The cultivar has a sufficiently high coefficient of cereals (Kkhoz = 39.4%). It forms large kernel (thousand-kernel weight for years of competitive variety trial was 47.3 g on the average). Technological properties of grain are at the level of the standard Acha. The cultivar is moderately resistant to spring-summer droughts. It has been put into the State Register of Breeding Achievements since 2013 to be cultivated in the 4, 10 and 11 regions of the Russian Federation.

Results of investigations into rooting of bird cherry and its interspecific hybrid soft wood cuttings using different rooting stimulators, and farming methods in some previous years are discussed. The investigation was conducted at the Food Plants Introduction Laboratory of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk. The comparative activity of stimulators as well as their optimum concentrations and farming methods are shown. Humic acids were found to be best as to convenience and efficiency of using. It has been established that bird cherry and its hybrids with common chokecherry in the first generation are usually rooted well in good time both with stimulators and without them. In the second generation, we can see large variation among hybrids in rooting ability of softwood cuttings. Stimulators had the best effect on a degree of root system growth in cuttings, and they to a lesser extent influenced the percent of cuttings rooted. Some samples of bird cherry had sprigs of 20-25 cm in length but the hybrids never had such gains. After seedlings are set in the nursery from greenhouse, they reach standard characteristics to be planted in the garden during one or two seasons. The effect of the new preparation NABIKAT on rooting of softwood cuttings of the three bird cherry samples of different origins was studied in 2013. This preparation was found to be effective when wetting cuttings and applying it into substratum. The best results were shown after applying the preparation in 10 g/m2 concentration into substratum, when the number of roots of the second and subsequent orders increased. When we used the preparation a month after good time, we had no effect.

Features of dormancy and germination of interspecific hybrid seeds of Sorbus sibirica, S. aucuparia and S. sambucifolia in comparison with parent species have been studied. The research was performed at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, using the facilities of the Food Plants Introduction Laboratory. Seeds were produced by artificial hybridization. The intact (fresh, not dried up) seeds were germinated by the technique of continuous stratification at temperature of 1-3°C (34-37°F). Hybridity of seeds was detected by SDS-PAGE and ISSR-PCR. Influence of pollinator on dormancy feature in hybrid seeds of Sorbus sibirica Hedl., S. aucuparia and S. sambucifolia was detected. The hybrid seeds of S. sibirica × S. aucuparia and S. aucuparia × S. sambucifolia inherit depth of dormancy and germination time heterogeneity typical of S. sibirica. Seed germination dynamics of S. sambucifolia ´ S. aucuparia and S. sambucifolia × S. sibirica was similar to S. aucuparia, but dormancy depth and heterogeneity were much lesser than those in seeds of parent species. The hybrid seeds of S. sambucifolia × S. aucuparia, S. sambucifolia × S. sibirica, S. sibirica × S. sambucifolia and S. aucuparia × S. sambucifolia almost completely lose dormancy features, which have been inherited from maternal genotypes. The results obtained are significative of the need to monitor the effect of pollinator in experiments on studying features of seed germination and dormancy in mountain ash as well as in other (introduction, breeding, recreation, etc.) studies, where seed germination is an important stage.

There was considered the situation of major foodstuffs supply in the Siberian Federal District (SFD). Food consumption in the SFD is lagging far behind the rational rates of the physiological requirements of the population. The needs for meat are satisfied by 97.3%, for milk by 76.5%, for vegetables and cucurbits by 72.8%. A shift towards less expensive foodstuffs takes place in the consumption structure. There were revealed factors and conditions influencing the formation of volumes and structure of food resources for supplying the population of the region. The determinant of food safety is a level of economic and physical availability of foodstuffs for population. The agricultural and natural-resource potential of the SFD makes it possible to meet the requirements of population for major foodstuffs owing to the local production. It is necessary to deepen specializations of the business industries of the regions with the purpose of effectively using their climatic potential and production resources; combining interregional exchange and self-provision of each constituent region of the Russian Federation; determining intraindustry, interindustry and structural proportionsand their mutual coordination.