The paper presents the results of research into the technology of soft spring wheat cultivation of the Siberian Alliance variety taking into account the formation of the production process. The experiment was carried out in 2015–2019 in the zone of the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression.  The  work  was  done  in  a  long-term  stationary  experiment  of  grain-fallow  crop rotation: fallow (bare, green-manured – rapeseed, melilot) – wheat – peas – barley (pure barley and intercropped with melilot). The following soil tillage systems were studied: deep moldboard (control), deep combined, minimum combined, minimum moldboard. The soil of the experimental plot was characterized as leached medium-textured, medium humus, heavy-loam chernozem. It was revealed that the influence of the preceding crop on the production process of soft spring wheat accounted for 80.4%, the effect of the soil cultivation system was 13.8%. The maximum yield in the experiment was obtained with minimum moldboard system of soil cultivation preceded by rapeseed green-manured fallow (3.34 t/ha) with the lowest cost of grain (4.6 thousand rubles/t) and high profit (30.3 thousand rubles/ha), control indicators being 3.26 t/ha, 9.2 thousand rubles/t and 15.2 thousand rubles/ha, respectively. The following positive effects on the formation of the production process were identified: soil moisture availability, microbiological activity, a decrease in phytosanitary tension, lack of soil compaction at a high content of agronomically valuable particles. Sowing rapeseed on green-manured fallow in the current crop rotation with the application of minimum moldboard tillage system is the most effective method of cultivating soft spring wheat of the Siberian Alliance variety in the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression.

The effect of the use of herbicide mixtures on the reduction of weeds and preservation of barley yield was studied. The experiment (2018–2019) was carried out on dark gray forest soil in the foreststeppe conditions ofTyumenregion. The experiment included two types of basic tillage: moldboard (plowing with a Lemken rotary plow at 20–22 cm) and non-moldboard (tillage with a Smaragd unit at 12–14 cm). The object of research was spring barley, Abalak variety. Biological effectiveness of herbicides, regardless of the soil tillage system, was 94–97% against dicotyledonous weeds, and 80–100% – against cereal and perennial weeds. Efficiency against the entire weed component reached 95–97.5% in 1 month after the application of herbicides, and 96–99% at the end of the growing season. The effectiveness of the use of preparations against cereal weeds was 80–90%, and the effectiveness of herbicides against dicotyledonous weeds – 97–99%. The reduction in the mass of weeds was 90–99%, mostly due to non-moldboard soil tillage. The yield level in the years of research largely depended on the soil tillage with a difference of 0.3–0.4 t in favor of moldboard system and the complex of herbicides applied. A high increase in the yield was provided by a mixture of herbicides Esteron, Speaker + Avantix Extra, Primadonna + Granat + Ovsyugen Super, which amounted to 1.16–1.22 t/ha. The application of comprehensive protection means increased the grain harvest by 1.7 t/ha.

The paper presents the results of the study on the effect of methods for improving a six-field fodder crop rotation on productivity indicators and the content of macroelements available for plants (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in a layer of 0-40 cmof leached chernozem in two rotations. Field studies were carried out in 2008–2019 in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. Improvement techniques included introduction of mineral fertilizers, oversowing legumes and oversowing legumes alongside the use of fertilizers. Oversowing legumes in crop rotation fields resulted in the productivity which was not lower than with the application of mineral fertilizer system. When fertilizers were applied, collection of dry matter in the first and second rotation from a unit of crop rotation area increased by 1.6–1.7 times compared to the control, namely 4.20 and

6.30 t/ha, respectively, whereas when legumes were sown in each field, the increase was 1.5–1.8 times (3.97–6.59 t/ha). When both these methods were combined, the yield of dry matter in rotations increased by 1.6–1.8 times (4.32–6.98 t/ha). The alternation of crops in the crop rotation alongside improvement methods during the first two rotations contributed to the 1.7 times increase of nitrate nitrogen in the 0–20 cm layer with the use of mineral fertilizers (3.9 mg/kg of soil), and with legume oversowing – 2.5 times (5.7 mg/kg). The positive effect of crop alternation on the reserves of mobile phosphates in the soil in the control crop rotation was identified. The total amount of mobile phosphates in the experiment was 68 mg/kg in the 0–20 cm layer, and 21 mg/kg in the 20–40 cm layer. By the end of the first rotation, their increase reached 108 and 99 mg/kg, by the end of the second – 239 and 214 mg/kg, respectively. By the end of the second rotation, there was a slight increase in exchangeable potassium in the 0–40 cm layer in the control crop rotation, which was more significant in the 20–40 cm layer – from 97 to 103 mg/kg. In 2018, the mineral fertilization system of cereal crop rotation led to a decrease in exchangeable potassium compared to the control from 116 to 104 mg/kg of soil in the 0–20 cm layer, and from 103 to 91 mg/kg in the 20–40 cm layer. The removal of exchangeable potassium with the yield of cultivated crops due to crop rotation improvement methods exceeded its return with plant residues.

The effect of aqueous extract of pine needles, pine nut shells and arabinogalactan on the metabolism of dairy cows was studied. The objectives of the research were to investigate the elemental composition of aqueous extract of pine needles, pine nut shells and arabinogalactan and to study the effect of cows’ feeding on aqueous extract containing these supplements on the biochemical parameters of blood, physical and biochemical parameters of cows’ urine. The experiment was carried out in theKrasnoyarskTerritoryon black-and-white cows at the age of fi calving with an average body condition and life weight of 580-600 kg. Two groups of cows were formed, 10 animals in each. The duration of the experiment was 100 days. The cows were kept tied, in year-round stalls, milking was carried out automatically into the milk pipe. According to the scheme of the experiment, the control group was fed on the main diet, the experimental group was given aqueous extract (200 ml/head/day) of pine needles (15 g/l), pine nut shells (25 g/l) and arabinogalactan (25 g/l) in addition to the main diet. The test infusion was fed in a mixture with concentrated feed. The feeding ration corresponded to the zootechnical standards. It was found that feeding cows on aqueous extract of the studied forest components did not have a negative eff on the metabolism in the body of the animals: the biochemical parameters of blood and the physicochemical parameters of cows’ urine corresponded to the norm of healthy animals. At the same time, metabolic processes in the blood of the cows in the experimental group were very intensive, mineral and carbohydrate metabolism improved, as evidenced by an increase in glucose content by 16.6%, iron – by 17.8, phosphorus – by 13.0%.

The paper presents the results of studying the effect of sire lineage on reproductive qualities and milk yield of cows. The study was carried out inIrkutskregion on a herd of Holsteinized black-andwhite cattle of Pribaikalsky type. The analysis of the main characteristics of reproductive capacity of herd cows on a farm was performed during 2013–2018. The material of the research work was based on the informational database of animals from the program of breeding register Selex. Cows were divided according to sire lineage and milk productivity into five groups by the level of milk yield: from 5000 to6500 kg, 6501-8000, 8001-9500, 9501-11000 and more than11001 kg. Successful insemination of heifers took place at the age of 15.7-16.6 months with the live weight of more than400 kg, which corresponds to zootechnical standards. The earliest (15.7 months) insemination was in heifers of Reflection Sovereign sire line, the age of first calving was 753 days with the live weight of561 kg. The latest (498 days) successful insemination was observed in heifers of Montvik Chieftain bull line with the live weight of498 kg. Cows of Sealing Trygen Rocket (8766 kg) and Reflection Sovereign (8704 kg) sire lines had the highest milk productivity with a significant difference (p ≥ 0.90). The cows of these lines had the longest service period (164 and 179 days), as well as the length of the calving interval (445 and 458 days), respectively. The coefficient of reproductive capacity of cows of different sire lines ranged from 0.80 to 0.88, which is a low indicator.

The analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of a new medical and prophylactic drug on piglets of Large White breed crossed with Duroc was carried out. The experiment was conducted in the conditions of a pig-breeding farm in theTrans-BaikalTerritoryin 2019, 2020. Experimental animals were treated with a preparation based on dry extracts of magnolia vine, wild rose, bird cherry, chamomile, and eleutherococcus rhizomes. For the experiment, three groups of newborn pigs (n = 30) with signs of gastrointestinal tract disorders were formed. The drug was administered to piglets for 10 days according to two regimens: the 1st experimental group was given the drug orally at a dose of 6 ml/kg of live weight once a day; the 2nd experimental group – at a dose of 6 ml/kg of live weight 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours. The control group was injected with a prebiotic at a dose of 10 ml/kg (1x10⁶ CFU/10 mg) once a day. The animals were assessed on a daily basis for their clinical status (temperature, pulse, respiration, level of dehydration according to skin turgor, intensity of reflexes, state of feces). Recovery in the 1st group was observed on the 4th day, in the 2nd group on the 2nd day. The animals of the control group suff       a severe disease, the death rate was 60%, the surviving animals recovered on the 10th day. In animals of the 2nd group, there was an increase in lymphocyte cells by 34.5%, erythrocytes – by 18.1%, hemoglobin – by 8.1%, hematocrit – by 13.9%. The biochemical analysis of the blood serum of piglets showed a positive growth dynamics of total protein by 12.1%, albumin – by 17.1%, globulins – by 6.2%. The most effective regimen of treating pigs with the herbal preparation proved to be the one used in the 2nd experimental group. The use of the drug according to the recommended treatment regimen will allow pig farms to ensure high survival rate of young pigs, increase their weight gain and get environmentally friendly pig products.

The analysis results of the current state of promising male lines of Zabaikalsky horse breed are presented, a brief description of each line is given. Research material is data from the regional archival documents and summary sheets on the appraisal of horses of pedigree farms ofTrans-BaikalTerritory(2010–2018). The following parameters of horses were studied: type, conformation, adaptive qualities, live weight, measurements (height at withers, body length, chest girth, cannon girth). On the basis of the measurements, the indices of the body build were calculated – index of format and index of blockiness. The current linear structure of Zabaikalsky horse breed is represented by seven lines that have living successors. In the genealogy of the breed, the leading lines are Argali, Kagor, Chetky and Premiere. The most numerous Argali line accounts for 21.6% of the total structure. The line is characterized by the best indicators of height at withers and length of the body, which allows the horses of this line to effectively pasture in winter. The second place in terms of the number of descendants is occupied by the Chetky line (18.9%). These animals have a curl gene in their genotype. The Premier line, whose descendants are distinguished by their tall height (up to146 cm) and long body (up to152 cm), ranks third (15.3%). The Kagor line of the black-marked coat colour type ranks fourth in terms of the number (12.7%). The latter are compact, strong and solid in constitution, with good conformation. On the basis of Argali, Kagor, Chetky and Premier lines, the intra-breed type of Zabaikalsky horses is created, distinguished by a massive constitution and good adaptability to year-round grazing and keeping.

The paper presents the results of scientific and economic experiment on the use of a new energy supplement in the diets of replacement young cattle in the post-milk period of rearing. The studies were carried out in2019 inthe conditions ofKemerovoregion in the summer and autumn period. Replacement heifers received an energy supplement mixed with concentrates in the amount of 20 ml per head per day. The experimental young animals were fed at a sufficiently high level (10.2–10.3 MJ of metabolizable energy), the amount of basic nutrients corresponded to the need. Feeding the supplement had a positive effect on the growth energy of the animals. It was established that the live weight of heifers in the experimental group reached139.2 kgby the end of the research, which is2.5 kghigher than the control. During the period of the experiment, the gross gain in live weight increased by an average of2.92 kgor 7.5%, the average daily gain exceeded control by48.6 g. When feeding the supplement, positive dynamics in hematological blood parameters was established. The amount of hemoglobin in the experimental group increased by 10.33 g/l, erythrocytes – by 0.21 million/ mm3, which characterizes the intensive course of redox processes in the body. An increase in the total protein and albumin transferases in the blood serum indicates a higher protein metabolism in comparison with the control group of young cattle. An increase in the content of globulins in the experimental group of calves by 27.43% indicates an improvement in the body immuno-defences due to the use of the supplement. The economic effect of using the energy supplement in the diets of heifers averaged 302.0 rubles per head, with a payback of 0.53 rubles.

To solve the problem of automating the agroecological land estimation (natural resource potential) and creating intelligent information systems for their further programming, the necessary stage is the conceptualization of the domain knowledge (DK), or conceptual modelling. In this work, the conceptual model of DK “Agroecological properties of land”, developed on the basis of the abstract logical language UML and proposed in the previous part of the series of articles by the authors, is supplemented by the type of abstract objects “method”. The methods in UML reflect the types of relationships between data of various nature and are designed to distinguish the ways with which it is possible to fill in the missing data and information when solving practical problems in the framework of designing and building adaptive landscape farming systems. UML methods are considered for one of DK abstract classes – class “Relief”. In this class, 31 groups of input datasets and 23 groups of output datasets are suggested. All 54 datasets are based on the "method – attribute" connection that operate within this class or by abstract relationships between classes previously built into the conceptual model. This means that a class method as an abstract object defines a set of dependencies between data associated with the given class attributes, as input dataset, and data associated with the given or related class attributes, as output dataset. The elements of such set of dependencies can be deterministic or stochastic algorithms, statistical and other data processing methods, data analysis and artificial intelligence methods, as well as specific mathematical formulas. The technology of building a knowledge base by UML methods of class “Relief” is shown, containing 713 groups of UML methods classified by seven types, and also examples of UML methods of three different types are given.

The possibility of developing a scale for assessing the degree of soil degradation based on measuring the respiratory response (RR) of its living phase to the application of a natural nutrient substrate, straw, was studied. The studies were carried out in the vicinity ofNovosibirskregion. The soil was leached medium loamy medium humus chernozem. Experiment options included long-term fallow (virgin land); permanent fallow; arable soil; a lawn formed more than 20 years ago by dumping leached chernozem removed from agricultural fi an old trail on this lawn; forest (additional control). The level of anthropogenic impact was determined on the basis of empirical estimates. Topsoil samples were taken in the autumn of 2018, 2019 after harvesting spring wheat. In the laboratory experiment, dry crushed wheat straw (carbon content 40%, nitrogen content 0.54%) was added into the soil at a dose of 3 g/kg. The soil was incubated at a temperature of25 °C, humidity of 60% of the total field moisture capacity for each option. Records of СО₂ production were made by the adsorption method. The duration of the experiment was 30 days. The respiratory response is the relative value of the increase in СО₂ production when straw is applied (experiment) compared to the soil without additives (control), measured in percent. In the experiment, the respiratory response was inversely proportional to the level of anthropogenic impact on the soil. The indicator in the variant with the maximum anthropogenic impact (permanent fallow) was 250–300%, in the variant with the minimum impact (long-term fallow) – 0–10%. The ranking of research objects according to the criterion under study was carried out using multivariate analysis by the method of principal components. A preliminary scale is proposed for assessing the degree of soil degradation. The soil was assessed as non-degraded or slightly degraded with a respiratory response equal to 0–25%, moderately degraded – 25–50%, and highly degraded – above 50%.

The results of studying hybrids and lines of sugar beet resistant to unfavorable factors of crop cultivation are presented. The study was carried out on 50 samples of domestic and foreign selection from various countries of the world:Russia,Ukraine,Kyrgyzstan,Germany,Austria. The experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions be means of germination methods at low temperatures and restoration of regeneration processes using in vitro culture. The assessment of the resistance of sugar beet genotypes to cold stress was carried out by physiological method of seed germination at a temperature of4°Cin a climatic chamber during 45-48 days. Samples showing high germination ability were identified: ChS 97 (50%), Kirgizskaya 069 (42), ChS 1631 (38), Biyskaya 32 (38), PMC 133 (33), Uspekh (31), Ramonskaya 125 (30%). These forms are recommended for cultivation in the northern regions of theRepublicofKazakhstan. The assessment of cold resistance using in vitro culture was carried out according to the methodology developed by theInstituteofBioenergy Cropsand Sugar Beets (Kiev,Ukraine). Hypocotyls with apical buds (petioles) of 15-day-old seedlings of sugar beet hybrids were used as explants. Based on the assessment of collection samples of sugar beet using in vitro culture, the following genotypes were selected: Kirgizskaya 069, ChS 97, PMC 60, ChS 1611, 2249; ChS 97 and ChS 1611 lines. These samples, capable of restoring regeneration processes after prolonged cold stress at temperature4°C, were microclonally propagated in order to be included in the breeding process with the purpose of obtaining cold-resistant hybrids.