The effectiveness of long-term use of various basic tillage systems of dark grey forest soil in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals was established. Their impact on the efficiency of barley cultivation depending on the grain (spring wheat) or legume forecrop (vetch for grain) was determined. The research was carried out in a stationary experiment covering moldboard, nonmoldboard, combined, differentiated, stubble-mulch and surface systems of basic soil tillage. The experiments took place during the third–sixth rotations (1996–2018) of two grain-fallow crop rotations spread in time and space. The first crop rotation was: bare fallow – winter rye – spring wheat – spring vetch – spring barley, the second crop rotation: bare fallow – winter rye – spring wheat – spring wheat – spring barley. When cultivating barley following the legume forecrop (spring vetch), it was economically feasible to use basic tillage systems with the elements of minimization. It included non-moldboard and combined tillage with subsurface loosening by a plow with SibIME tines to a depth of 20-22 cm differentiated with stubble-mulch at 12-14 cm and disk harrowing at 10- 12 cm. These methods provided conditions for the formation of productivity close to the moldboard system and practically the same yield of barley, net income and energy efficiency coefficient. Without fertilizers, the yield was 2.97-3.03 t/ha, with the use of N₄₀P₄₀P₄₀ it was 3.47-3.65 t/ha. When planting barley following wheat sown twice, the most effective was moldboard tillage system with a net income of 14.67 thousand rubles/ha without fertilizers and 22.75 thousand rubles/ha with fertilizers and energy coefficient of 2.65 and 2.75. The use of resource-saving tillage methods with repeated wheat led to a decrease in the yield of barley grain by 0.09–0.40 t/ha, and a decrease in the net income of barley cultivation compared to the legume forecrop by 31.0–44.1%.

The results of assessing the effect of biological preparations and a seed disinfectant on the technological qualities of grain of soft spring wheat Novosibirskaya 31 are presented. The effectiveness of the use of biological plant protection products was studied in the field experiment, laid down in 2020 in the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region. Pre-sowing seed treatment included the following options: control (without treatment); Trichodermin, P (Trichoderma viride, titer more than 6 billion spores/g), consumption rate – 15 kg/t seed; Sporobacterin, SP (Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma viride, strain 4097), consumption rate – 0.5 kg/ton of seeds; Scarlet, ME, chemical standard (imazalil (100 g/l) + tebuconazole (60 g/l), consumption rate – 0.3 l/t of seeds. The use of the preparations contributed to an increase in yield by 0.40 and 0.52 t/ha when using Trichodermin and Sporobacterin, respectively, and by 0.08 t/ha when using fungicide Scarlet. In this case, the mass of 1000 grains increased by 0.84, 0.80 and 0.96 g, respectively, relative to the control. The preparations Trichodermin and Sporobacterin had a significant effect on the growth of grain in length and width relative to the control – by 5.4-6.9 and 9.6%, Scarlet – by 10.6 and 13.9%, respectively. Pre-sowing seed treatment contributed to the growth of such indicators of the caryopsis as volume (by 19.6–29.3%), surface area (by 12.1–19.2%), and sphericity (by 6.3–7.8%). To a greater extent, they increased with the use of fungicide Scarlet. Getting larger grain led to an increase in the endosperm content by 0.76–1.14%. A close correlation has been shown between the indicators of the mass of 1000 grains and the linear grain sizes (r = 0.92–0.98), as well as with the grain volume, sphericity and endosperm content (r = 0.98–0.99). Pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds provides grain with improved technological properties.

Long-term studies (2014–2019) of the population dynamics of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Küch. were carried out in the soil on the Purple Majesty, Vitelotte and Fioletovy potato varieties and preceding crops (potatoes, oats and tendergreen). The study was carried out in Novosibirsk region in the soil and climatic conditions typical of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. To study the peculiarities of R. solani fungus population dynamics in potato plantations, soil samples were taken from under the plants during the entire growing season. The accumulation of rhizoctonia propagules in the soil was determined using the method of multiple soil pellets. The difference in the amount and rate of accumulation of the fungus R. solani on different varieties, as well as the influence of previous crops on this process, was established. Two peaks of the fungus accumulation were observed on the Purple Majesty variety: the first (48.7 propagules/100 g of soil) – during the full germination period, the second (57.2 propagules/100 g of soil) – at the end of the crop maturation phase. One peak was observed in the population dynamics of the fungus on Vitelotte and Fioletovy varieties, at the end of the ripening period (59.0 and 49.1 propagules/100 g soil, respectively). The smallest amount of R. solani fungus in the soil on average during the growing season was noted on the Fioletovy variety – 33.3 propagules/100 g of soil. In the Purple Majesty and Vitelotte varieties, this figure was 41.5 and 40.4 propagules/100 g of soil, respectively. When potato variety Agata was cultivated as monoculture, there was a rapid and significant accumulation of the fungus R. solani in the soil (from 34.6 to 126.8 propagules/100 g of soil). When this variety was cultivated following tendergreen or oats, the amount of the pathogen varied to a lesser extent (25.1–52.2 and 19.8–41.0 propagules/100 g of soil, respectively). No sharp increases in the number of propagative structures of the phytopathogen in the soil were noted.

The results of immunological assessment of varieties of durum and soft winter wheat bred by the Agrarian Scientific Center Donskoy for resistance to leaf rust are presented. The experiment was carried out in Krasnodar Territory in 2016–2019. Screening of 86 selection samples (63 varieties of durum winter wheat and 23 samples of soft winter wheat) was carried out in an artificial infectious environment. To infect plants, a population collected during route surveys of production and selection crops of winter wheat was used. The varieties were assessed according to two criteria: the type of reaction (in points) and the degree of damage (in percent) during the period of maximum disease development. Screening of the samples was carried out during three growing seasons; for the second and third years of the study, resistant varieties were selected with the reaction type of 1.2 points and the degree of damage of no more than 10%. The degree of damage on the susceptibility control reached from 50 to 80%. As a result of the study, the samples of durum winter wheat were ranked as follows: 16 resistant samples, 26 medium-resistant, 20 medium-susceptible, 1 susceptible. Among the samples of soft winter wheat, 6 resistant samples were identified, 11 medium-resistant, 5 medium-susceptible, 1 susceptible. Over 3 years of research, 16 resistant samples of durum winter wheat were identified (465/15, 502/15, 515/15, 537/15, 597/15, 663/15, 681/15, 694/15, 730/15, 742 / 15, 753/15, 979/15, 996/15, 993/12, 1035/15, 417/13) as well as 6 resistant samples of soft winter wheat (134/11, 1415/11, 1765/14, 1074/14, 1813/14, Tanais). As a result of the screening, a high percentage of varieties resistant to leaf rust was found. The sources of resistance that were identified have been recommended to be included in wheat breeding programs for pathogen resistance in the Russian Federation.

The results of the analysis of yield and biological efficiency of single-species and mixed crops of cereals and legumes, depending on the cultivation zones, are presented. The study was carried out in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Western Siberia and the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Siberia. The results were analyzed by means of Land Equivalent Ratio and the coefficient of aggressiveness. In the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, two-component mixtures with a seeding rate of 60– 75% of cereals (barley or oats) and 35–50% of legumes (peas) had an advantage in cultivation for fodder grain. The yield was 2.3–2.9 t/ha of grain with digestible protein content of 106–110 g per feed unit and the efficiency of the area use of 1.17 units. Peas mixed with wheat had the highest coefficient of aggressiveness (plus 0.53). In the conditions of the steppe zone of Western Siberia, two-component mixtures of barley and wheat with field peas are the most effective with a ratio of cereal and legume components of 60/50% of the total seeding rate of crops. The yield of these cenoses was noted at the level of single-species crops, and the nutritional value was 6–10% higher. Land Equivalent Ratio for this zone amounted to 1.21-1.3 units. The share of the legume component in the grain yield of three-component mixtures under unfavorable dry conditions of the steppe zone was registered insignificant. The value of the coefficient of aggressiveness of the legume component decreased to minus 1.58 and its share in the agrocenosis decreased to the utmost extent. The foreststeppe zone of Eastern Siberia is characterized by sufficient moisture, which contributed to a good grain harvest. The highest yield was provided by a mixture of oats with peas (4.85 t/ha) and oats with peas and barley (4.29 t/ha), with the Land Equivalent Ratio of up to 1.45 units and the coefficient of aggressiveness close to zero. In this zone, there are favorable growth conditions for binary crops.

The paper presents the results of the study of collection samples of awnless bromegrass from the Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) to identify donors of valuable breeding traits. The study was carried in 2015-2018 in Tomsk region. The soils of the experimental plots were sod-podzolic, sandy loam by granulometric composition, with a humus content in the arable layer of no more than 2%. The recorded area of the plot was 0.5 m². The trials were repeated two times. Procedures for trial establishment, phenological observations, harvest recording and data processing were performed in accordance with the methodological recommendations of the All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute, VIR and the State Variety Testing Methodology. The years of the study were characterized by uneven distribution of heat and moisture during the growing season. This made it possible to identify the most adaptive samples for selective breeding of awnless bromegrass which can be used as a hay and pasture plant in the taiga zone. The following valuable source materials were selected for tall varieties: Khabarovsky, Titan, Vozvyshensky, SibNIISkhoz 88; samples of wild plants Yakutia (K-14215), Vologda (K-14224), Omsk (K-14228), Sverdlovsk (K-14209) regions, a local sample of Tomsk region (K-14226). The following samples resistant to fungal diseases were identified: Morshansky, Khabarovsky and Erkeeni varieties; samples of wild forms of Irkutsk (K-14221, К-14227), Vologda (K-14212, К-14224), Omsk (K-14228) regions, a local sample of Tomsk region (K-14226). The following high-yielding varieties in terms of fodder mass were recognized: wild forms of Vologda region (K-14212, К-14222) and a local population of Tomsk region (K-14214); highly leafy varieties: Primorsky 46, SibNIISKHoz 88, wild forms of Komi (K-14208), Irkutsk (K-14227), Vologda (K14212, К-14224) regions, local samples of Tomsk region (K-14214, К-14226); varieties with high seed yield: Duet, Primorsky 46, Erkeeni, wild forms of Vologda region (K-14212, К-14224), a local sample of Tomsk region (K-14226). Based on the set of the main economically valuable traits for sowing in a polycross nursery, samples of wild plants from Vologda region (K-14212, К-14224), and local samples of Tomsk region (K-14214, К-14226) were selected.

The results of field and laboratory studies on the cultivation of triticale mixed with high-protein crops are presented. The study was carried out during the period of 2015-2017 on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil, light loam by granulometric composition, in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory. The assessment of triticale in single-species and mixed crops for adaptability to growing conditions and yield is given. Economically valuable traits of these crops are shown. The possibility of increasing the yield and feed qualities of agrocenoses by sowing triticale with highprotein crops was established. On average, over the years of research, mixed crops outperformed single-species triticale agrocenoses in terms of yield and feed quality, green mass by 1.6-1.9 times, digestible protein by 2.6-3.7 times. In mixed crops, triticale with fodder beans provided the best results, the yield of green mass was 40.5 t/ha, dry matter – 5.70 t/ha, feed units – 4.67 t/ha, digestible protein – 785 kg/ha, exchange energy – 57.6 GJ/ha, availability of digestible protein per one feed unit – 168 g. Triticale crops mixed with fodder beans increased productivity compared with singlespecies crops in terms of green mass yield by 1.3-1.9 times, dry matter by 1.4-1.9 times, feed units by 1.4-2.0 times, gross energy by 1.5-2.0 times. All crops are resistant to drought and lodging. The absence of pest and disease infestation in triticale was noted.

The results of the application of environmentally friendly methods of potato pest control are presented. Comparative field trials of insectoacaricides and microbiological preparations were carried out on potatoes of the recognized variety Yantar in the Primorsky Territory in 2018 and 2019. The object of research was the larvae and beetles of the potato ladybird Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata. The tubers were planted at the optimal time for the region, late April – early May. The study used Fitoverm preparations based on aversectin C (50 g/l), Akarin based on avertin N (2 g/l), Batsikol based on the strain of Bacillus thuringiensis var. darmstadiensis (BtH₁₀), Bitoxybacillin based on the strain of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis (BtH₁). The preparations were studied independently and with Corado insecticide. Potato plants were sprayed with the preparations once. Pest counts were carried out before treatment and after treatment on the 5th, 10th, 15th day on 10 potato plants in three replications in accordance with the approved methods. Bioinsecticide Fitoverm showed a high efficiency of 90.5–94.0% at the application rate of 0.16 l/ha. A single application of bioinsecticides for 15 days restrained the intensity of the pest development below the threshold level. The combined use of bioinsecticides and an insecticide against the potato ladybird provided a decrease in the phytophage population by 90.8–99.8% compared to the control variant (without the use of plant protection products). The inclusion of preparations of biological origin Fitoverm, Akarin, Batsikol, Bitoxybacillin in potato cultivation technology will allow to limit the number of potato ladybird and solve the problem of plant protection in an environmentallyfriendly way in the south of the Far East.

The results of the study on the specific prevention of infectious diseases in horses are presented. Methods have been developed to increase the immunogenicity of environmentally friendly vaccines against strangles, caused by the beta-hemolytic streptococcus – Sreptococcus equi. The work was carried out in laboratory conditions and horse breeding farms of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The toxicity and immunogenicity of the vaccine was determined by conventional methods on young horses. Based on the study of the immunobiological reactivity of young horses, the use of immunomodulators in the development of inactivated vaccine preparations has been substantiated. Vaccines with immunomodulators were tested and registered in accordance with approved research methods for medicinal products for veterinary use. Polyribonate (polyvedrim) and culture liquid (fugate) from the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis TNP-3 were used in the composition of vaccines as an immunomodulator. To prepare a vaccine against strangles, strains of bacteria Streptococcus equi H-34 and Streptococcus equi "H-5/1" were used, which were deposited in the Russian State Collection of Microorganism Strains of the Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality. After immunization with inactivated vaccines containing immunomodulators, the effectiveness of vaccines increases by 20% and reaches 90%. Vaccines increase the body's immunobiological reactivity. The most effective were the “Tabyn” vaccine and the vaccine from the Streptococcus equi strain H-5/1 with fugate, the Bacillus subtilis strain TNP-3. The polyribonate vaccine was approved in Russia (2000), the “Tabyn” vaccine is used in Kazakhstan (2018). These vaccine preparations, which ensure high antiepizootic efficacy, are environmentally friendly, since they do not contain toxic substances and antibiotics.

An assessment of economically useful traits and external conformation of the Kazakh whiteheaded cows of the main genealogical lines, bred in the farms of the Altai Territory, was carried out. For the analysis, indicators of economically useful traits and conformation of first-calf heifers and full-aged cows of the Kazakh white-headed breed were used: live weight, measurements, total score for conformation, milk production. It was established that first-calf heifers of Zamok 3035 line surpass their herdmates in chest girth, and heifers of Zadorny 1325 and Korol 13682 lines are superior in oblique body length. Cows of Peon 29 line are inferior to their peers in live weight. The best indicators in live weight were noted in full-aged cows of Zadorny 1325 line, in milk yield – in Korol 13682 line. In general, there were no significant differences in most animal traits between the lines assessed. Analysis of full-aged cows belonging to the lines of Zamok 3035, Korol 13682, Zadorny 1325 showed that they surpass their herdmates in live weight, the lines of Korol 13682 – in milk yield. The study of the coefficients of heritability showed a low level of influence of the genotype on the variability of the main traits. This fact may indicate a high degree of consolidation of the Kazakh white-headed breed. In the breeding work with this breed, it is necessary to make wider use of sires belonging to the lines of Zadorny 1325, Zamok 3035. Particular attention should be paid to the rotation of genealogical groups. It is recommended to use new unrelated animals from other regions to increase the genetic variability of traits in herds. In order to do this, selection should be carried out in accordance with the grading requirements and selection parameters calculated for a particular farm.

The results of assessing the copper content in the bristles of pigs of Landrace, Kemerovo and Early maturing meat breeds are presented. The study was carried out on clinically healthy six-month-old animals in the farms of Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions and Altai Territory. The conditions for keeping animals were standard with typical feeding. Elemental analysis of pig bristle samples was carried out by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The data was processed using Microsoft Office Excel and Statistica 8 (StatSoft Inc., USA), including nonparametric methods. A decreasing ranged series was established according to the level of copper in the hair of pigs for Landrace → Kemerovo → Early maturing meat breeds. As a ratio, it is represented as 5.1 : 4.5 : 1. Copper in the bristles of Landrace, Kemerovo and Early maturing meat breeds amounted to 44.0, 39.0 and 8.7 mg/kg, respectively. The accumulation of copper recorded in the bristles of Landrace and Kemerovo pig breeds was 5.6 and 4.5 times higher than that of Early maturing meat breed (p ˂ 0.001). The Early maturing meat and Kemerovo breeds were characterized with the homogeneity of indicators; they had the smallest interquartile range and the ratio of the extreme variants. The study using Kruskal-Wallis criterion established that the breed affects the accumulation of copper in the bristles of pigs. Differences were registered in pairs: Early maturing meat – Kemerovo and Early maturing meat – Landrace breeds (p ˂ 0.001). The most similar results of studying animals based on cluster analysis were found between Kemerovo and Landrace breeds. Early maturing meat breed is relatively resistant to copper accumulation in the bristles. The data obtained can be tentatively taken as a physiological norm for the accumulation of copper in the bristles of pigs of various breeds zoned in Western Siberia.

The analysis of various approaches to forecasting complex multifactorial systems in conditions of uncertainty of external conditions is presented. It is necessary to develop these approaches in order to create adequate models of agricultural activities for their effective planning and management. A distinctive feature of agricultural production is a critical dependence on environmental factors, which cannot be accurately predicted. Regression modeling and analysis of time series used at present to solve this problem in difficult cases do not result in an adequate forecast of the dynamics of an agricultural object. As an approach, it is proposed to use the construction of the "image" of the system. This approach is classified as "nature-like", as it simulates a way of decision-making by a specialist on the basis of accumulated experience and intuition. The key parameter of this construction will be the correct choice of the metric (coordinate system). This approach is illustrated by an example of creating an image of a two-dimensional phenomenon in a one-dimensional coordinate system. As a result, an image is understood as an image of reality in a vector space of a certain dimension. The image in the authors' view is a reflection of reality in an artificially created metric, more suitable for understanding and analysis, but retaining the main (important) features and functions of the original object. Artificial intelligence techniques can be seen as tools for image creation and analysis. An important characteristic of an image is its predictive power, i.e. the ability to use the image in order to predict the state of a real object in the future period. An image retains its predictive power if the forecast obtained using this image corresponds to the data obtained when observing a real object. The image is formed in a suitable metric for solving a specific problem. The key metric parameter of the image of agricultural activity, suitable for forecasting purposes, is the minimum dimension of the vector space used, at which the predictive power of the image is retained to solve the problem.

The results of the analysis on the assessment of technical equipment of agricultural producers with mobile power facilities and technological machines depending on the area of cultivated crops in the Omsk region are presented. The state statistics data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Omsk Region were studied for the period of 2008-2020. The total cultivation area of the region is 2881.2 thousand hectares. There was a slight decrease in the area under grain crops by 2.9 thousand hectares, under fodder crops by 75.2 thousand hectares, or by 0.14 and 13.2%, respectively. A significant change in the quantitative composition of the machine and tractor fleet is shown. An annual reduction in the number of tractors, forage harvesters and grain harvesters was noted. The number of tractors decreased by 2811 units, or by 26.6%. As of December 2020, the operation of 30.6% of grain harvesters and 56.7% of self-propelled forage harvesters does not exceed 10 years. A decrease in the number of agricultural tractors is connected with the use of a minimum tillage technology, a reduction in energy costs and funds for carrying out agrotechnical operations in comparison with traditional technology. Reducing the number of tractors and combines leads to an increase in the average load on the machine. This tendency leads to increasing the terms of the main agrotechnical operations, which affects the quantity and quality of the final product. The determination of the optimal composition of the tractor fleet should be carried out for each specific farm, taking into account local conditions, the structure of economic activity and its specialization.