The total content of rare earth elements in the soil profile of saline agricultural landscapes catena of the Baraba plain within Novosibirsk region was studied. The total content of zirconium, yttrium, scandium, gallium, including lanthanides - cerium, lanthanum and ytterbium was determined. Rare earth elements are extremely poorly analyzed. At present, their influence on plants, organisms of animals and humans is being actively studied, although the maximum permissible and tentatively permissible concentrations for them have not yet been developed. The total content of rare earth elements, determined in the soils of the catena, depends on the granulometric composition and the degree of humus content of the soil horizons. It was revealed that in the studied soils they are mainly contained in the number of clarkes of the earth's crust, with the exception of lanthanum in the humus horizons, where its content is almost 1.5 times (44-48 mg/kg) higher than the clarke in the earth's crust (29 mg/kg), and ytterbium (10 times higher than the clarke). Along the soil profile, an insignificant movement of rare earth elements in both vertical and horizontal directions was noted, which indicates a low mobility of their compounds. Zirconium predominates in the profile of the studied soils from the group of rare earth elements. Its content in the humus horizons of soils of eluvial positions is within the clarke of the earth's crust; variations along the profile are insignificant. Ytterbium is contained in large quantities - from 1.89 to 4.05 mg/kg of soil, which is significantly higher than the clarke of the earth's crust (0.3 mg/kg of soil). The role of lanthanides in the soil -plant - animal - human system requires further in-depth study.

The effect of long-term use of different systems of basic tillage of dark grey forest soils on the agrophysical properties, nutrient regime and yield of grain crops in grain-fallow crop rotations was determined. The study was carried out in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals in a stationary experiment in 1996-2018. The traditional moldboard and resource-saving systems of basic tillage were studied. The experiment took place during the third-sixth rotations of two grain-fallow crop rotations spread in time and space: bare fallow - winter rye - spring wheat - spring vetch - spring barley; bare fallow - winter rye - spring wheat - spring wheat - spring barley. When cultivating a grain crop that completes a grain-fallow crop rotation, in the fourth field after the fallow with a legume forecrop (spring vetch), it is advisable to use systems of basic tillage with elements of minimization. These include non-moldboard and combined tillage with subsurface loosening by a plow with SibIME tines to a depth of 20-22 cm differentiated with stubble-mulch at 12-14 cm and disk harrowing at 10-12 cm. The studied tillage systems ensured the conditions of the water regime, soil composition and nutritional regime close to the moldboard tillage system. The yield of barley almost equal to the moldboard system was formed: against the background of natural land fertility - 2.97-3.03 t/ha, with the use of N₄₀P₄₀P₄₀ - 3.47-3.65 t/ha. Application of tillage systems with minimization elements in a grain-fallow crop rotation without planting a leguminous crop with a given crop for a repeated grain crop (wheat) led to the following results. Productive moisture availability in the soil layer 0-1.0 m decreased by 8.6-28.0%, the nutrient regime worsened significantly, especially nitrogen (by 15.5-43.8%) and phosphorus (by 39.1-51.1%), with the negative differentiation of soil fertility, and reduction of grain yield by 0.09-0.40 t/ha.

The residual amounts of glyphosate in wheat grain after desiccation of crops were determined. Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world. The level of its ecotoxicity is widely discussed in the scientific literature after the compound was classified as “a likely carcinogenic” pesticide. It is assumed that glyphosate residues can be highest when the crops are desiccated before harvesting. The studies were carried out in 2018 (central forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region (54°53'13.5"N, 82°59'36.7"E). In the experiment, desiccation of wheat was carried out with the herbicide Zero Super (the content of isopropylamine salt of glyphosate was 750 g/kg) at the recommended dose of 1.5- 2.0 kg/ha. Glyphosate residues in plant biomass were determined using the test system, based on the principle of enzyme immunoassay. Pre-preparation of the samples for the analysis was carried out according to the recommendation of Stylab laboratory, which validated the method for the determination of glyphosate in grain. Glyphosate residues were found in all of the 37 samples tested. Regardless of the sampling period after desiccation, herbicide residues in the grain did not exceed 4.4 mg/kg. In 14 days after desiccation, the minimum pesticide level was lower (0.5 mg/kg) compared to the data obtained in 7 days (2.6 mg/kg). The content of the herbicide residues in wheat straw was higher than in grain. The highest values of glyphosate residues were found in the dry biomass of weed vegetation (up to 9 mg/kg). In the grain stored for 1 year, the content of GR has not decreased. The data obtained were compared with the MRL for the residual amount of glyphosate in wheat grain accepted in the world.

The paper presents the results of studies on the use of the permeability index of cell membranes, determined by the relative change in the specific electrical conductivity (EC) of water extracts of tissues of spring wheat seedlings, varieties Novosibirskaya 18, Novosibirskaya 44, Sibirskaya 21 and Omskaya 18, under the combined action of stressors. In model laboratory vegetation experiments, the hourly dynamics of the EC of water extracts of seedling leaves (exposure of leaves to water for 0.5-4.5 h) was investigated under the simultaneous action of chloride salinity (1.3%) and the causative agent of common rot of cereals Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem. (5000 conidia per grain). It was established that EC increased by 1.5 times and the rate of electrolyte leakage increased twofold in the less resistant variety Novosibirskaya 44 compared to the more resistant Omskaya 18. The daily dynamics of the EC of 10-16-day-old seedlings was studied under the sequential action of seed hyperthermia (43 °C), chloride salinity (1.3%), and Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoem. (5000 conidia per grain). The protective effect of hyperthermia was established in the more resistant variety Sibirskaya 21 (a decrease in EC up to 1.3 times) in comparison with the variant without heating the seeds. In the less resistant variety Novosibirskaya 18, heating the seeds destabilized the state of the cell membranes (increase in EC and electrolyte leakage rate by 1.5 and 1.2 times respectively). The conditions that ensure the identification of the maximum differences in the studied wheat varieties were experimentally determined: the age of seedlings 10 days, the time interval of exposure of the samples to water 1.5-4.5 h. Intervarietal differences in the relative change in the EC values in the variant without heating the seeds were 1.9 times and in the variant with heating the seeds - 3.7 times, with the significance of difference at the levels p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01. Intervarietal differences in the relative change in the EC, established for the time interval exposition of electrolytes leakage of 1.5-4.5 h, were 1.50-1.67 times with the significance of difference at the level of p ≤ 0.05. The proposed approach will make it possible to develop a methodology for assessing new genotypes for resistance to the combined action of biotic and abiotic stressors.

The information on the structure of the areas cultivated with fiber flax in Russia in 2016-2020 is presented. The varieties of the Tomsk school of breeding occupy almost 30% of the total area under crops. The study was carried out in the flax-growing regions of Russia in 2001-2020. The technological value of flax raw material of the studied varieties of fiber flax for processing flax of various quality at flax processing enterprises was determined. The indicators for the total fiber yield, long and short fiber yield, long fiber number and short fiber number, and the combination of these features were studied. The efficiency of using the potential capabilities of the studied varieties in relation to the data of the State Variety Testing was established. According to the results of flax straw processing and the rating assessment of these varieties in relation to the best and worst ones, it was found that the following varieties can be referred to as the ones with low-quality flax straw: Tomsk 18 - by the yield of short fiber (24.9%), Tomsk 16 - by the number of long fiber (11.08 N), Tost - by the number of short fiber (3.42 N) and the complex of features (average rating index of 9.8 positions). The group of the best varieties for the total fiber yield includes Tomsk 18 (33.2%) and Tost (32.2%), for the long fiber yield - Tost (13.1%), for the short fiber yield (23.2%) and the number of short fiber (5.20 N) - Tomsk 18 (high-quality flax). None of the varieties presented fulfil the biological potential in the processing of flax straw under production conditions in terms of the total fiber yield and the yield of long fiber, established by the State Variety Testing. Its value for the varieties of the Tomsk school of breeding is 65.2-86.3% for the total fiber yield, 17.6-31.4% for the long fiber yield (low-quality flax straw), 77.7-94.2 and 30.5-52.2%, respectively (high-quality flax straw).

The results of studying naked oat yield indicators depending on different sowing dates and seeding rates are presented. The study was carried out in 2016-2020 in a field experiment in Western Siberia. Samples of different groups of the crop ripeness were studied: mid-early variety Gavrosh and mid-ripening variety Ofenya. The duration of the growing season of naked oats was influenced by meteorological factors. There was a tendency observed for a decrease in the duration of interphase periods and the growing season as a whole from an early sowing date to a later one by 4-10 days for the Gavrosh variety and by 8-10 days for the Ofenya variety. The yield of the Gavrosh variety at an early sowing period significantly exceeded the same indicator at a mid-period by 17.6% and at a late period - by 19.0%, of the Ofenya variety - by 10.9% and 16.2%, respectively. The increase in the yield for the early sowing period of the mid-early variety Gavrosh relative to the middle and late sowing dates was determined by a larger grain size (r = 0.6929 ... 0.9535 at R = 0.5140). For the midripening variety Ofenya, the number of productive stems per unit area (r = 0.7444 ... 0.9054 with R = 0.5140) and the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.5350 ... 0.8297 at R = 0.5140) were of more importance in the years of research on all variants. The most optimal seeding rate for naked oat varieties is 5.0-6.0 million germinating grains/ha. At this rate, it was not the maximum manifestation of individual indicators of the yield structural elements, but a combination of their average values was noted.

The information on the productivity trait of garden strawberry Fragaria × ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier has been summarized on the basis of literary sources. The productivity trait has a complex polygenic character. Independent inheritance of individual productivity components allows modeling their optimal combination in a new variety. The creation of highly productive varieties of strawberries is based on intraspecific hybridization. The established positive correlation between the size of berries and the yield indicates the possibility of increasing the productivity of varieties by using large-fruited forms in breeding. At present, in various zones of horticulture, researchers distinguish large-fruited varieties of domestic breeding: ‘Atlas', ‘Bereginya', ‘Vityaz', ‘Grenada', ‘Zabelinskaya', ‘Kemiya', ‘Nashe Podmoscovie', ‘Nelly', ‘Pervoklassnitsa', ‘Rusich', ‘Solnechnaya Polyanka', ‘Solovushka', ‘Festivalnaya Romashka', ‘Fruktovaya', ‘Tsaritsa', ‘Yaponka', and foreign breeding: ‘Alba', ‘Asia', ‘Elsanta', ‘Finesse', ‘Florense', ‘Vivaldi', ‘Galia', ‘Jive', ‘Joly', ‘M. Champion', ‘Merced', ‘Murano', ‘Onda', ‘Roxana', ‘Rumba', ‘Tarda Vicoda', ‘Vima Kimberly', ‘Vima Tarda', ‘Vima Rina', ‘Vima Xima'. It was noted that when using the inbreeding method, it is possible to achieve a heterotic effect on the basis of the productivity trait. The method of genetic modifications of plants is of great importance for breeding of complex quantitative traits of productivity, including yield. Expansion of the genetic base of garden strawberry by means of octoploid and polyploid forms of wild species will ensure an increase in the productivity of new varieties due to the inclusion of traits of adaptability to biotic and abiotic factors in the genotype. The use of modern research methods (screening of the metabolomic and biochemical profile, DNA certification, molecular labeling) increases the objectivity of research and the efficiency of the breeding process.

The results of commercial cross breeding of dairy cattle with meat bulls are presented. Scientific and economic experiments were carried out in Omsk and Novosibirsk regions. Ranked cows of the red steppe breed were selected for the experiment. They were artificially inseminated with the semen of bulls of the red steppe, Kalmyk and Hereford breeds. Bulls of each genotype were selected from the calves born and three groups were formed by the method of analogue groups: 1^st control - the red steppe, 2^nd experimental - crossbreed of Kalmyk × the red steppe, 3^d experimental – crossbreed of Hereford × the red steppe. In the second experiment two groups were formed from castrated bulls of Simmental and Hereford breeds × Simmental hybrids: 1^st control group of Simmental breed, 2^nd experimental group - Hereford × Simmental hybrids. A highly reliable superiority in the live weight of young animals of the 2^nd and 3^d experimental groups was revealed. From the age of 9 to 15 months, it was 16.5-77.3 kg (p <0.05-0.001) compared to animals in the control group. In the group of the red steppe x Hereford, slaughter yield was 58.6%, which is higher than that of the first two groups, by 1.9 and 1.8% (p <0.05), the carcass weight was 209.3 kg, the red steppe - 172.2 kg (p <0.01). In the second experiment at the age of 8, 12, 15 and 18 months, the bulls of the 2nd experimental group outperformed the peers of the 1st control group by 15.2-29.4 kg (p <0.05-0.001). Their slaughter yield was higher than that of the control group, and accounted for 57.8%. In two experiments, crossbred groups of animals were characterized by a better meat productivity. Commercial crossbreeding of dairy cows with beef breeds of bulls allows to increase meat productivity and increase the population of the meat cattle.

Studies have been carried out to determine the synergetic effect of the use of combinations of antibacterial substances, including antibiotics, septabic disinfectant and AgNPs. A significant increase in bactericidal activity was revealed in the combination of septabic + AgNPs + nitox and septabic + AgNPs + ceftiofur. Determination of the sensitivity of Salmonella enteritidis 182 to antibacterial drugs showed the presence of resistance to 8 drugs (38.1%), low sensitivity to 7 (33.3%), sensitivity to 6 (28.6%) and the absence of preparations with high sensitivity indicators. After cultivation of S. enteritidis 182 with antibacterial drugs and their combinations, an increase in the number of preparations to which the studied strain was sensitive was found. The presence of sensitivity to 7-10 drugs was revealed, which is 4.7-19.6% higher than in the control indicators. A previously absent high sensitivity to 2-8 antibacterial drugs (9.5-38.0%) was established. The cultivation of S. enteritidis 182 with AgNPs showed the highest increase in antibiotic sensitivity of all the studied combinations of antibacterial agents in the form of the growth inhibition size increase. This suggests a leading role of AgNPs in overcoming antibiotic resistance. Incubation of S. enteritidis 182 after contact with septabic and argovite caused a maximum increase in the diameter of the growth inhibition of the microorganism without decreasing sensitivity to certain types of drugs (with the exception of septabic, where the loss of sensitivity to tylosin was established). When adding various antibiotics to the combination of septabic + argovit, a decrease in the growth inhibition zone or its disappearance were noted. The combined effect of the use of antibacterial drugs together with silver nanoparticles against bacteria with multidrug resistance is described.

The spectrum and the frequencies of cytogenetic abnormalities in young cattle immunized with a vaccine against salmonellosis of calves were investigated. The study was carried out on the farm of Novosibirsk region on 10 clinically healthy Holstein black-and-white calves of 10-17 days of age. A concentrated formol-alum vaccine against salmonellosis (paratyphoid) of calves was used at a dose of 2 ml (reimmunization at a dose of 2 ml) with an interval of 10 days between injections. The vaccine was made from the culture of bacteria of the Salmonella dublin strain № 373, inactivated with formalin with the addition of potassium alum and calcium chloride. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood in calves was carried out before vaccination (control), 2 and 9 days after vaccination, 2 and 9 days after revaccination. It was found that the spectrum of somatic chromosomal instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes of calves after vaccination and revaccination is represented by polyploidy, hypoploidy and hyperploidy, chromatid and chromosomal breaks, single and paired fragments of chromosomes. It was revealed that the spectrum of somatic chromosomal instability after double immunizations with an inactivated vaccine against salmonellosis did not differ from the spectrum of spontaneously occurring mutations in this species. Vaccination and subsequent revaccination of calves in comparison with the pre-vaccination period did not lead to a significant increase in the frequency of aneuploid and polyploid cells. During double immunization of calves, a wave pattern in the variation of genomic mutation frequencies from maximum to minimum values in the lymphocytic blood cells of animals was noted, similar to prolonged mutagenesis. A tendency was found for the frequency of structural chromosome abnormalities to increase 2 and 9 days after vaccination and 2 days after revaccination. There was a credible 2.9-fold increase in the frequency of cells with chromosomal aberrations in the blood lymphocytes of animals 9 days after their repeated immunization due to breaks and paired fragments of chromosomes. After vaccination and revaccination, chromatid breaks were most often recorded in the medial regions of one of the chromatids, and chromosomal breaks in the medial and telomeric regions of both chromatids.

The dissociation phenomenon of epizootic cultures of Moraxella was studied. The study was conducted in economic entities of Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 233 heads of cattle with clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis. Isolation of the causative agent of Moraxella was performed by bacteriological washes from the conjunctival sacs of the eyes of animals. The laboratory study was carried out according to the approved methodological guidelines. It was found that bacteria of the genus Moraxella dissociate when grown on a solid nutrient medium for more than 6 hours in a thermostat at 37 °C. The bacteria were studied by the following methods: staining according to White-Wilson, thermoagglutination and acriflavine assay. When evaluating the grown colonies according to White-Wilson, the optimal dilution for crystal violet was found to be 1 : 2000, and for gentian violet stain 1 : 1000. In this case, the colonies in the S-form have a dark purple color with a metallic tint, and the dissociated colonies in the R-form do not stain. In the presence of dissociated cells, precipitation (thermoagglutination), sediment formation and clearing of the supernatant fluid at 90 °C for 30 minutes were noted. The suspension of undissociated colonies remained cloudy. When weighing microbial cells isolated by a bacterial loop from individual grown colonies in a solution of acriflavine, dissociated bacteria stick together to form conglomerates. When studying the antigenic activity of the S-, R- forms of Moraxella, it was revealed that the activity of the S-antigen significantly exceeded that of the R-forms. Data on the dissociation of Moraxella cultures can be used for the development of diagnostic and prophylactic drugs against moraxellosis in cattle.