Results are given from investigations into responses of grain crop varieties of different maturity groups to sowing dates, fertilizers, chemical weed and pest killers. It has been found that mid-ripening varieties sown late have a certain advantage over early-ripening varieties because of their productivity, but yield to them in the sowing qualities of seeds. It is shown that sowing dates in early-ripening varieties do not influence considerably on seed germination, but form higher productivity. Late sowing dates for crops and varieties differing in ripeness are acceptable to the extent of the coincidence with favorable environmental conditions. Seed treatment and the optimum doses of fertilizers exert positive influence on productivity and quality of seeds. Ranking of varieties according to their response to growing techniques and stability of indices can be used for evaluating the effectiveness of techniques applied in primary links of seed production.Methods for increasing productivity of grain crop varieties studied can be used, when both sowing for seeds and for production. As Krasnoyarsk Territory abounds in the contrasting soil-climatic zones with their dynamics of moisture availability, daily mean temperatures, soil difference and other factors, there appear to be sufficient reasons for developing entirely different grain crop growing techniques. Therefore, it is necessary to expand research into responses of new and promising varieties to advanced growing techniques before their zoning in order to obtain high-quality seeds during the seed production process.

The effect of the minimum tillage technology used for a long time was analyzed based on the application of tillage-and-seeding machine “Ob-4-ST” and tilthmaker “Leader-4” in grain/fallow rotation fields under conditions of the northern forest-steppe areas near the Ob. It was found that the adoption of the minimum tillage technology reduced the weed infestation of the spring wheat sowings after grain forecrops by 1.3-10.7 percent as compared with the conventional one (SZP-3.6). The systematic application of herbicides of 2.4-D group in the spring wheat sowings resulted in increasing the biomass of bluegrass weeds from 28.6-34.7 to 45.3-56.7 percent of the biomass of total weed component in the agrocenosis (wheat + weeds). Due to the increased percentage of bluegrass weeds, it is necessary to apply graminicides as well, which is enough to be used in the third crop after fallow at reduced tillage technique and two times more, that is in the second and the third crops, at conventional one. With lacking chemicalization means, it is enough to make three summer cultivations by tilthmaker “Leader-4” instead of four by cultivator KPS-4. It was established that the use of tilthmaker “Leader-4” with the rolls being in active position for fallow tillage furthered combing out 77 percent of weed plant fragments onto soil surface that provided the mulching layer missing at conventional technique.

Results are given from research into the effect of complex and separated applications of lime and mineral fertilizers on spring wheat and barley productivity in crop rotation consisting of a grain crop, a row crop and legume grass. It was found that for three rotations on the average, mineral fertilizers increased barley productivity by 4.4-8.7 centner per ha against a natural background, and by 3.0-7.2 centner per ha, when liming. In the variants of applying NK and NPK, productivity made up 32.4-35.8 and 34.9-38.0 centner per ha, respectively, and it was highest in the trial. A positive influence of lime fertilizers on barley productivity was revealed. It was proved that the use of green-manured fallow as a wheat predecessor decreased the aftereffect of mineral fertilizers of the second year against both backgrounds in all the variants. Wheat productivity for 2001-2012 varied from 33.0 to 34.5 centner per ha on the average, and did not depend on a background and degree of fertilization. The effectiveness of mineral fertilizers against the liming background was tended to decrease (7-10 percent). The maximum payback for 1 ruble input under NPK application was observed in the third rotation and made up 2.4 rubles.

There was analyzed the effect of moldboard and nonmoldboard tillage techniques applied during three crop rotations on forming the symbiotic apparatus in the root system of such a grain-legume crop as vetch. Investigations were carried out on dark gray forest soil in Northern Trans-Ural Region. It has been found that during the early growing period, nonmoldboard tillage helps the symbiotic apparatus in vetch to be formed more intensively (by 17.0-18.3 percent for tubercle weight and 7.8-9.0 percent for their number) than plowing does against the background of both applying fertilizers and without them. However, because the period favorable in moisture and density of the topsoil for forming and functioning of tubercles is short, the regularity found does not result in improved nitrogenous nutrition of a subsequent crop at nonmoldboard tillage. The application of mineral fertilizers delayed the formation of tubercles reducing their weight by 24.7-29.8 percent and their number by 15.1-16.7 percent.

Collection and breeding samples of winter triticale were studied to develop new forms combining high winter hardiness and productivity by using intervarietal hybridization. The material for the study were the samples of winter triticale from the world collection of the N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) as well as breeding forms developed at the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Growing and Selection, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, at different times. There were identified forms of winter triticale from the VIR’s collection for the further use in breeding programs directed at the creation of high-yielding varieties. As a result of long-term studies, the most adaptable samples from the VIR’s collection, Zimogor and Vocalise bred in Rostov, were selected to be engaged in hybridization with Siberian breeding forms distinguished by good winter hardiness, increased thousand-kernel weight and high seed yields.

Spring wheat varieties, bred at the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Growing and Selection (SibNIIRS), Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, were studied under conditions of Tyumen Region. There was established their advantage over the standard cultivars because of many economic and biological traits: duration of inter-phase periods, length and density of straw of the lower internodes, resistance to diseases (root rots, loose smut, Septoria disease of the ear, mildew, brown and stem rusts), yield structure and productivity. It has been found that the cultivars Pamyati Vavenkova, Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 29 and Novosibirskaya 89 are characterized by a complex of positive traits and are valuable parent material for breeding. The cultivars mentioned persistently form high productivity and grain quality across years.

Results are given from 17-year field experiment of the Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, carried out on barley after fallow predecessor in a competitive variety trial. The yield formation in spring barley cultivars Agul 2 and Krasnoyarsky 80 differing in early ripeness has been found to depend on available moisture reserves in the 1 m soil layer, rainfall distribution and daily mean temperatures with respect to the plant development stages. In years with high available moisture reserves in soil (more than 150 mm in the 1 m layer), barley productivity was observed to considerably depend on daily mean temperatures during sprouting (r = 0.963), tillering (r = 0.643) and kernel forming - wax ripeness (r = 0.930). The results obtained show that the early-ripening cultivar Agul 2 more effectively utilizes bioclimatic resources of the forest-steppe zone of Krasnoyarsk Territory, although it yields to the Krasnoyarsky 80 cultivar in productivity. Distinct correlation between productivity and available moisture reserves in the 1 m soil layer (r = 0.546-0.876) was established. Available moisture reserves in soil can be a significant indicator in predicting productivity of both barley and other grain crops.

Results of researches into grading beef forcemeat into PSE, DFD and NOR groups are presented. Researches were carried out on the experimental setup, where the method for determining polarizing properties of the tissue and calculating the dimensionless coefficient ki was realized. It has been found that the frequency intervals with dynamic impedance fluctuations for forcemeat and meat with longitudinal and cross fibers lie in the same frequency domain. Analysis of measurement results and calculations carried out has demonstrated that NOR meat has the dimensionless coefficient ki і 1.9, DFD meat ki = 1.3 ё 1.8, PSE meat ki Ј 1.2.

Results are given from investigations into the use of regulators of plant growth and development (phytoregulators) in black currant plantations. Field experiments were conducted at the experimental plot of the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture in Khabarovsky District of Khabarovsk Territory. It has been established that phytoregulators put in the process of black currant cultivation intensified the inherited growth-regulating and immunostimulatory properties of plants and their resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors of Amur region that increased yields and quality of berries. To identify the efficiency of phytoregulators were studied the following indicators: mass fraction of dry matter, mass fractions of sugar and vitamin C. As a result of research, Novosil and Immunocitofit preparations were distinguished by a complex of indicators.

The hormone content in blood serum of male deer was studied. It has been established that some changes in the functional activity of the endocrine glands take place in animals during ontogenesis. The level of progesterone is observed to increase in marals at 1.5 years of age as compared with calves, and to reduce with the first antler growth. Concentrations of testosterone, cortisol and estradiol increase with reaching the animals’ age of 1.5 years and do not change in animals getting their first antlers. In the course of determining the hormone content depending on the age, a possibility has been found to predict velvet antler production performance at the early age of young bucks by testosterone concentration in their blood serum.

Based on retrospective epizootological data were created DBF4 databases on comprehensive epizootological data, feeds, nutritional values of diets and biochemical blood serum examinations in cattle. The master database is of integrated type; it contains indicators on 158 animal buildings of farms having a necrobacillosis problem. This database uses the following input parameters: data on sanitary state, length of stall, presence or absence of grids, physical exercise, total nutritional value of diet, diet components. The database on feeds was created as well. A particular database on nutritive values of diets according to input parameters was prepared. A neural network was formed with the help of database on biochemical blood serum values of cattle from various farms. Based on epizootological databases across farms were developed artificial neural networks using NeuroPro 0.25 to forecast morbidity of cattle with necrobacillosis. Results of forecasting incidence rate for necrobacillosis in cattle at 18 farms with known epizootological data are given obtained with the help of the neuroproject developed.

Due to the current lack of specific means for prevention and treatment of bovine leukemia, a priority focus has been made on the development of program of curative and preventive measures based on impacting all links of the epizootic chain. During the research regulations approval process was suggested a new approach that combined diagnostic test systems AGID and ELISA depending on intensity of the epizootic situation for leukemia. The article presents three options of conducting sanitary measures at farms having bovine leukemia problem. The first option is used, when 10 percent of the herd is infected. The second option is recommended to be used at the infection rate of up to 30 percent and provides a combination of the diagnostics methods. The third is used when the number of infected animals is large (over 30 percent); in this case, only the hematologic study of the population infected needs to be conducted. Both accompanying and complementary techniques for controlling leukemia have been considered as well. The regulations developed can be introduced into the “Rules on Prevention and Control of Bovine Leukemia”.

Results are given from long-term investigations into breeding of spring rapeseed of 00-type under conditions of the forest-steppe areas of Novosibirsk Region and Krasnoyarsk Territory. The methods and source material for developing varieties have been considered, and the long-term data on productivity of various cultivars bred in Siberia are given. Under conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, SibNIIK 21 cultivar has shown the highest seed yield of 1.71 tons per ha on the average for 7 years of trialing. Cultivars SibNIIK 198, Dubravinskiy Skorospely, Nadezhny 92, ANIIZiS 1 and ANIIZiS 2 had 1.29, 1.44, 1.51, 1.57 and 1.66 t/ha, respectively. It is shown that all the cultivars put in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Permitted for Utilization in the Russian Federation and transferred for state variety trialing have been developed using the hybridization methods.

Results are given from researches into the influence of sowing dates, cover crops and alfalfa stand densities on thinning out of herbage and seed production under conditions of the south of Western Siberia. It has been established that the maximum seed yield is provided by summer-sown uncovered crops. Among the cover crops studied, the most suitable ones for alfalfa are forage millet and Siberian millet. The highest alfalfa seed production, irrespective of sowing date and cover crop, was obtained by sowing 1.5 kg of germinating seeds per ha. Thinning out of alfalfa herbage for 1-3 years of the life is 46.2-49.5% in uncovered crops and 56.0-71.1% in covered crops. In the third year of use, alfalfa seed production decreases 3.4-3.8 times compared to that in the first year.

Results are given from investigations into the ecological situation for soil-plant cover of Djeyranchol - Adjinour winter pastures in Azerbaijan. Soil assessment and ecological evaluation were carried out. The expanded bonitation scale was made using basic diagnostic characters of soil fertility and correction coefficients for soil depth, granulometric composition, salinity and so on; grouping of soils for agricultural production was carried out. Most winter pastures of Azerbaijan dry subtropics were found to be lands of good and medium quality with weighted average points of 54 to 61 for Djeyranchol and Adjinour pastures, respectively. For eco-energetic assessment of soil-landscape complexes were used special scales that give data on ecological environment at the level of differentiated parameters. The eco-energetic state of soil-landscape complexes of Djeyranchol pastures (63 points) is much better than that of Adjinour pastures (55 points).

A retrospective analysis was carried out into reproductive ability of uneven-aged Holstein cows under conditions of commercial milk production against a background of hormonal stimulation of heat and synchronization of ovulation. It was found that inter-calving periods in high-producing Holstein cows intensively exploited were longer than a physiologically grounded norm (395 days) that was caused by prolonged service and lactation periods by 30 and 27-45 days, respectively. The duration of pregnancy in animals was within the physiological norm and lasted 285.3 days. In turn, the dry period averaged 51.3 days across a herd that was conditioned by technological requirements. It was proved that fertility rate in high-producing cow herd did not practically depend on the cow’s age and considerably varied throughout the productive use. Fertilization index in Holstein cows had pronounced age dependency: 2.37 inseminations in cows in first lactation, and 2.09 on the average in cows in second and third lactations that was significantly less than indices in young cows by 11.8 percent (p < 0.001), The cows in forth lactation had the index of 1.91 on the average.

A method of selecting secondary braking systems for vehicles and wheeled tractor trucks involved in agricultural transportation is proposed based on expert judgment of qualitative properties of the mentioned systems of different types. Comparison of the qualitative properties, which, in fact, are requirements to secondary braking systems, first of all addressed to the preference of selecting one or another retarder. Then, based on expert quantitative judgments, the numerical characteristic of different groups of the mentioned requirements has been determined. By determining the sum of estimates of all requirement groups with the help of the mathematical model presented, the final selection, which is the quantitative estimate playing a role of that for the type of retarder, has been made. Using the balance diagram of braking power, the braking power of the selected secondary braking system for vehicle or wheeled tractor truck has been determined during braking with constant speed on downhill with the slope of 7% and length of 6 km. Taking into account that data on braking power balance constituents do not exist in scientific-technical literature, the mentioned constituents are presented in detail in the article.

Parasite populations in commercial fish in the main fishery reservoirs of Omsk and Kemerovo Regions, located in the south of Western Siberia, for the first decade of the 21st century are shown. A comparative analysis was carried out into incidence rates of some fish species for parasites in certain ponds for the first half of the 20th and the first decade of the 21st centuries. The effect of changes in hydrological regimes of lakes, in particular, rising water levels in the lakes of Omsk Region, expressed as a decrease in the number of fish parasite species was revealed. In Omsk and Kemerovo Regions was studied the fish parasite fauna from the three ponds, tributaries of large rivers and lakes, which have not previously been surveyed. Pathogens of parasitic diseases in commercial aboriginal and acclimatized fish species were detected. Larval stages of opisthorchiasis pathogens representing a danger to human and animals were identified in ide in the Irtysh River.

A method for calculating biomass and fish production of crucian Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in eutrophic lake in the south of Tyumen Region is presented. The overall mortality was calculated by the Beverton-Holt method, the coefficient of natural mortality by the Alverson-Carney method. The growth indicators (Bertalannfy equation, specific growth rate, and etc) obtained during the 4-years observations in Lake Bolshoe Kalmakskoye were used. The biomass of crucian made up 115 kg/ha, possible yield 47 kg/ha. This represents 55% of the total potential of commercial production. The resulting values are typical for low fishing intensity reservoirs of Western Siberia. Indicators can be increased 1.8 times due to introduction of planktophages (peled) and herbivorous fish. The calculation order given can be used to assess possible fish catches in exploited lakes. Therefore, it is necessary for us to have reliable information about the size-age composition of fish catches and biological indicators of a fishery object.

Methods are suggested to reduce pesticide load in commercial sea-buckthorn plantations due to the application of biologically active supplement based on organic acids, preparation Aphidin on the base of natural BAS and biological preparation Phytoverm. The biological active supplement allows 2-2.5 times decreasing consumption rates of Phytoverm and Actellic with the same effectiveness of treatment against major sea-buckthorn pests. Moreover, it intensifies the growth and development of plants, increases their productivity, improves the biochemical composition of fruits as to such basic indices as carotenoids and oil contents, 2.2-4 times reduces the content of toxic residue in fruits and provides obtaining ecologically pure products under certain conditions. Both full and reduced Actellic dosages showed the highest insecticidal effect against larvae of sea-buckthorn fly, cotton-stem moth and sea-buckthorn psylla with pest death level of 95.8-100 percent. Equally, Phytoverm showed the high miticidal activity against leaf and gall mites ensuring pest death level of 98.9-100 percent. The preparation Aphidin on the base of natural BAS can be used for protection of sea-buckthorn plantations against green sea-buckthorn aphid.