Влияние растительных лактонов и флавоноидов на структуру микрофлоры кишечника и концентрацию жирных кислот у крупного рогатого скота

Проведена оценка воздействия растительной композиции горькой (Artemisia absinthium) отдельно и в сочетании с хлоридом кобальта (II) в хелатной форме (CoCl₂ l) полыни на изменение таксономического профиля микробиома рубца жвачных в эксперименте in vivo. В исследованиях определяли изменение бактериального состава рубцовой жидкости путем применения метода секвенирования на приборе MiSeq. Объект исследований – бычки (n = 4) казахской белоголовой породы в возрасте 12–13 мес со средней живой массой 336–340 кг. Во время исследования животным опытных групп задавали A. absinthium herbal и хлорид кобальта (II) (CoCl₂ l): 1-й опытной группе – A. absinthium в дозе 2,0 г/кг сухого вещества, 2-й опытной – A. absinthium в дозе 2,0 г/кг СВ с дополнительным CoCl2 l (1,5 мг/кг/СВ), 3-й опытной – только CoCl₂ l (1,5 мг/кг/СВ). Подготовительный период составлял 14 дней, основной – 7 дней. По истечении основного периода для анализа концентраций жирных кислот производили отбор проб содержимого рубца через фистулу. Образцы кишечного содержимого отбирали в стерильные контейнеры методом ректальной пальпации, для метагеномного секвенирования – в микропробирки типа «Eppendorf» объемом 1,5 мл. Анализ данных показал, что введение A. absinthium и хлорида кобальта (II) в форме, наиболее близкой к природной, способно модулировать микробное сообщество кишечника, влияя на концентрацию и усвоение жирных кислот. Полученные результаты указывают на перспективность применения в кормлении крупного рогатого скота композиции A. absinthium и CoCl₂ l с целью естественной альтернативы улучшения систем производства жвачных животных.

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