At present, the problem of supplying soils of Siberia with phosphorus has become much more acute in comparison with the past decades. This is due to virtually complete termination of the use of phosphate fertilizers for grain crops and a sharp increase in the price of these fertilizers compared to the price of grain. There are various approaches to diagnosing the pool of phosphorus available to plants, including methods based on the use of phosphatase preparations allowing to assess the mobility of organic phosphorous compounds in the soil. The content of biologically available soil phosphorus was assessed in the leached chernozem of Priobye, depending on the type of crop rotation and the use of phosphate fertilizers, with the aim of fi nding optimal doses of these fertilizers. After fi ve rotations of three-fi eld grain-fallow crop rotations, the fraction of biologically available soil phosphorus was not detected against the background of no fertilizers or with application of low doses of phosphorus (P15). A certain reserve of phosphorus in the soil was found with the annual use of P60 on the grain-grass crop rotation and long-term application of manure on the farm crop rotation. It was concluded that in the forest-steppe of Priobye, the supply of plants with phosphorus can occur without the formation of biologically available soil phosphorus reserves, whereby the dose of phosphate fertilizer P15 compensates for the annual removal of the element with grain in the average multiyear cycle of years with different climate conditions. Annual application of P60 forms reserves of surplus phosphorus in the form of its biologically available fraction, which makes the economic effi ciency of this doze of the fertilizer questionable.

The paper presents the results of research into the effect of different soil tillage systems on soil density and structure. The research was conducted in a long-term stationary experiment on the crops of Nikita spring barley. The soil of the experimental plot is classifi ed as leached, mediumtextured, medium-humus, heavy-loam chernozem. The following soil tillage systems with peas as a forecrop were studied: deep moldboard, deep combined, minimum combined and zero. The years of research (2015-2018) differed in heat availability and amount of precipitation. This allowed to study and carry out comparative assessment of the effect of various soil tillage systems of leached chernozem on agrophysical properties of soil. Yearly weather conditions had no signifi cant effect on soil density with all the studied soil tillage systems in single and binary crops of spring barley, whereby the indicators varied from 1.87 to 6.72%. Compared to deep moldboard tillage (control), there was an increase in soil density with zero tillage in singlecrop sowings of spring barley by 6.2%, and in binary crops – by 9.4%. However, the indices were not beyond optimum values of 1.02-1.05 g/ cm3. The optimum equilibrium soil density for the main subtypes of chernozems is 1.0-1.25 g/cm3. Minimum combined soil tillage system resulted in the stable content of valuable structural soil units 0.25-10 mm both in single-crop and binary sowings of spring barley at 68.3% and 68.9%, and the coeffi cient of soil structural properties – 2.15 and 2.21 respectively. It was established that the effect of soil tillage system on the creation of valuable structural units in soil was 21.4%, yearly weather conditions – 11.8%, type of crops – 25.5%.

Infestation of grain crops by common root rot in the conditions of Ural Federal District was studied. In previous years, infestation of wheat by Bipolaris sorokiniana pathogens predominated, but in recent years, there has been a gradual shift in the structure of microbiocenosis with the prevalence of Fusarium spp. fungi. With zero and minimum grain crop tillage technologies (no-till, mini-till), chemical disinfection of seeds and fungicidal crop treatment becomes imperative. The efficiency and feasibility of using fungicides was studied on the seeds of spring wheat, cultivar Omskaya 36. Field experiments were conducted in the conditions of Kurgan region on leached chernozem in the period of 2009-2017. Yield losses caused by phytopathogenic fungi were largely determined by the hydrothermal conditions during the growing season. The largest damage to wheat productivity was caused by diseases of this group during dry periods (11% in years with satisfactory growing conditions, 22% in extremely dry years). It was discovered that the approach to protecting seeds from infections should be differentiated. Batches of seeds with high contamination by root rot pathogens are subject to mandatory chemical disinfection. Application of seed disinfectants based on two active agents is effective on wheat seeds infected by root rot pathogens over 15%, with the predominance of fungi genus Fusarium spp. Economic efficiency from the use of single-component seed disinfectants (tebuconazole, triticonazole) was 8-9%. When seeds were treated with seed disinfectants based on two active agents, the yield increased by 1416%. The use of systemic seed disinfectants is not recommended on relatively healthy seed material. It is more appropriate to use biological fungicide based on Bacillus subtilis.

When creating varieties, adapted to temperature stress factors, it is necessary to carry out diagnostics of their resistance to stress factors. Diagnostic methods should have high differentiating ability in reliably distinguishing the resistance of closely related objects, such as varieties from the same crop or plants from the same variety population. To ensure the differentiating ability of the method, the assessment of resistance diagnostics towards stress factors should be conducted with the same strength of stress load and modes of stress factors that would enable to range varieties. In model laboratory vegetation experiments, the adaptive reactions of 10-day-old seedlings of three varieties of spring wheat were assessed according to changes in growth rates, wet and dry biomass, and permeability of cell membranes of seedlings under hyperthermia (warming the seeds) with the purpose of identifying the temperature that differentiates varieties. The seedlings were grown in roll culture on tap water in a climate chamber with preset parameters of microclimate. Before that, the seeds were pre-heated in hot water in thermostat at temperatures of 30, 43 и 54°C. The seedlings of control variety were cultivated in the same conditions without warming the seeds. The formation of adaptive reaction to hyperthermia of seeds differed across varieties of seedlings of spring wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 18, Novosibirskaya 44 and Omskaya 18. Adaptation of varieties to similar temperature factors formed in different ways, which can be explained by hereditary nature of plants. According to the results of the research, the maximum values of variation coeffi cient of biophysical and biometric indicators of seedlings was identifi ed at the temperature of 43°C. This is the differentiating temperature in assessment of wheat crop varieties adaptation to the increased temperature. This temperature was applied in experiments to study the reaction of wheat varieties to separate and joint effects of chloride salinity, seed infection with common root rot and hyperthermia.

The results of breeding work on creation of the new cultivar of red clover are presented. The hybrid population (15-10-D (2n)) was created by the method of crossbreeding and selection in the conditions of artifi cial climate. Selection of winterhardy high-yielding forms of this hybrid population was conducted in the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia. The population 15-10-D (2n) was tested in three cycles of competitive variety trial (crops of 2006, 2008 and 2010) and was submitted to the State variety testing under the name Prima. According to the results of the competitive variety trial during 2007–2013, the new early-ripening diploid cultivar Prima showed high winter hardiness of 97.0-99.0%. The duration of the growing season is 115 days (on the level of standard early-ripening tetraploid cultivar Meteor). The yield of green mass in two cuts is 19.6-58.7 t/ha, the yield of dry matter is 4.2-13.5 t/ha, the yield of seeds is 276-392 kg/ ha. The average yield of green mass in two cuts of the new cultivar is 38.8 t/ha, the average yield of dry matter is 8.7 t/ha, the average yield of seeds is 317 kg/ha, which exceeds standard cultivar Meteor by 52%. The seed content of Prima cultivar is 52%, Meteor – 38%. The crude protein content in dry matter is 16.1%, the fi ber content is 26.0%. Prima cultivar has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation to be grown in the West Siberian region since 2019. The copyright certifi cate and patent for the breeding achievement were received.

The study area included 127 species of parasites from the Tachininae subfamily (Diptera: Tachinidae) belonging to 53 genera and 14 tribes. The study was conducted in 2008-2018 in Primorsky Territory. Presently the list of tachinid fl ies with known hosts is made up of 52 species (40.9% of the total number). The Tachininae parasitize insect orders of Lepidoptera (86.6% of the total number of species with known data), Coleoptera (9.6%), Diptera (1.9%), Dermaptera (1.9%). Among representatives of Lepidoptera, species of Noctuidae (34.1%), Lymantriidae (10.7%) and Tortricidae (9.2%) families prevail. During the study, 28 host species of tachinids fl ies were revealed in the Lepidoptera order which are pests of agricultural crops, park, garden and forest vegetation. These insects, in the larval stage, feed on leaves, flower buds, flowers and fruits of trees and shrubs. They also damage fruit trees, park plants, sown seedlings, grain crops, basal parts and stems of vegetables. In the order of Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae family, 3 species are classifi ed as pests.

It is for the fi rst time that the information was given on parasitizing of Тachina fera L. in caterpillars Spodoptera exigua Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Parhamaxia discalis Mesn. in imago Holotrichia parallela Motsch. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Hamaxia incongrua Walk. in imago Gametis jucunda (Fald.) and Anomala luculenta Er. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Mikia tepens Walk. in caterpillars Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). The study of the fauna of Tachinidae and trophic relations in the larval stage is of great scientifi c and practical importance in the fi ght against insect pests of agriculture and forestry.

The work presents the results of the study of naked oat samples from the world collection of The N.I. Vavilov All Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources and locally bred varieties for resistance to smut diseases. The research was carried out in 2008-2018 in the fi eld experiment against an artifi cial infection background. It was noted that during the growing season meteorological factors affected the extent of lesion of naked oats with the disease. A higher degree of lesion was observed in years with suffi cient and excessive moisture supply alongside increased air temperatures, whereas less damage was discovered under dry conditions. The results of phytopathological analysis of 230 collection samples of hulless oats in 2008–2011 revealed that mid-ripening specimens are more susceptible to damage by smut fungi (27.2% on average in the group). With an increase in the length of the growing season, susceptibility to the pathogen decreases. The degree of lesion in midlate samples was 26.5%, on average in the group, in late-ripening – 25.4%, in very late-ripening – 20.0%. During further study (2012–2018) of 35 resistant samples of this collection, a decrease in resistance to the pathogen was noted. Immune samples characterized by high panicle structure, large size of grain and lodging resistance were selected and included in the cross-breeding program to produce high-yielding genotypes resistant to local populations of smut fungi. As a result, a new variety of naked oats Ofenya was created, surpassing the standard recognized variety in terms of yield, technological, biochemical parameters, as well as resistant to lodging and smut.

The genetic potential of wool and meat productivity of semi-coarse wool sheep was evaluated for the creation of animal groups that would meet requirements of the desirable type. The article presents the results of the study of productivity and breeding abilities of semi-coarse wool sheep of Aginskaya breed, Zugalai type, belonging to mutton-wool production type. The study was carried out in the pedigree breeding unit of Trans-Baikal Territory. The scope of research was to study productive and breeding qualities of sheep of various age and gender groups. It was established that sheep of Aginskaya breed, Zugalai type, correspond to the elite class by 37.5%, fi rst class – by 51.7% and second class – by 10.8%. Zugalai type semicoarse wool rams exceed the breed standard in live weight by 37.4%, replacement rams – by 38.0%, ewes – by 15.4% and young ewes – by 25.7%, and in terms of pure wool production – by 28.6; 25.0; 7.7 and 8.3%, respectively. Production and yield of wool, its length, morphological composition and fi neness by fractions of semi-coarse wool sheep were identifi ed. The semi-coarse wool of Zugalayan sheep is heterogeneous and consists of fi ne fl eece (79.5-80.6%), medullated fi bers (12.7-13.4%) and coarse hair (6.0-7.8%). The fi neness of fi bers by fractions varies between 21.4-22.9 microns for fi ne fl eece, 39.7-40.2 for medullated fi bers and 72.2-77.3 for coarse hair. The results of the control slaughter of semi-coarse wool rams at the age of 6 months show their reasonably high meat productivity. The slaughter mass of Zugalai type specimens is 18.5 kg, the slaughter yield is 50.9%, fi rst grade meat yield is 92.9%, the meatiness ratio is 3.8.

The necessary sequence of stages has been developed and the unmanned technology for creating a digital elevation model by the example of the land use of Novosibirsk region has been implemented. The technology consists of a set of stages: reconnaissance of the terrain, fi xing reference signs, satellite measurements, aerial photography fl ights, processing the results of aerial photography and the construction of digital elevation model. The technological process was signifi cantly affected by unfavorable weather conditions - low clouds, gusty wind, high air humidity. Remote sensing study with the use of unmanned aerial vehicle of the Supercam S 250 F type made it possible to create a large-scale orthophotoplan and a digital elevation model on the farm territory (M 1 : 1000). For photogrammetric processing of digital data obtained on the farm, a two-stage method of satellite determination was used. The essence of this method was to obtain a large number of satellite measurements in a static mode and further statistical processing. For statistical processing of satellite measurements, information was used on the coordinate location of two base ground stations of the Novosibirsk Region satellite network - Kochenevo and Novosibirsk. Remoteness of support points from the ground satellite station of Novosibirsk was at a distance of over 90 km. As a result of equalization calculations, the obtained average square displacement errors of the planned and high-altitude position of the support points in various test sites were under 0.02 m in the plan, and under 0.03 m by height. In the process of photogrammetric processing of the results of aerial photography with the use of unmanned aerial vehicle, the tasks of transferring the position of points on a digital image in the pixel coordinate system into the coordinate system of the area, building digital irregular (TIN, Triangulated Irregular Network) and regular (DEM, Digital Elevation Model) surface models, and based on them, textured terrain models (TTM, Textured Terrain Model) and orthophotoplans, were solved.

The study was carried out on how to enhance the effectiveness of solar energy and reduce technological risks connected with growing large-fruited tall tomato varieties in conditions of insuffi cient heat supply by using automatically controlled infl ow-and-exhaust ventilation. High probability of late recurring and early autumn frosts in Western Siberia poses a threat of complete harvest loss of thermophilic vegetable crops. Improvement of the heat supply during the growing period is possible due to the greenhouse effect occurring in canopies and greenhouses. In summer, additional energy creates the danger of overheating, which can be eliminated by an automatically controlled infl ow-and-exhaust ventilation. Laboratory experiments showed that the automatic device consistently maintains air temperature within 26-27°C, which meets biological requirements of plants, by changing the width of the exhaust air aperture. Opening of the infl ow air aperture increases the intensity of air fl ow inside the canopy. The hydraulic drive of the ventilation control mechanism consistently maintains the air temperature inside the canopy in the process of heating by means of automatic regulation of exhaust air aperture width, but it is ineffective in the cooling process due to high thermal inertia. Changing the height of the infl ow air aperture from 0 to 0.3 m makes the intensity of air exchange increase and the air temperature decrease.

The factors that infl uence management decisions related to the choice of technologies and technical means are summarized. The urgency of software development for these factors is shown. Examples of foreign and domestic software products available in this fi eld are given, their advantages and disadvantages are shown. The descripton of the structural approach to the software product development is given. Its main point is to determine the importance and priorities among the existing factors with the aim of establishing the structure of their relationship. Requirements to the structural scheme of the software being developped are presented, icluding its main components, their functions, the rules of communication and the scheme of input and output of information. The structural diagram that shows the choice of technologies and technical means in crop production is presented. It covers the technology of remote access based on the use of cloud technologies. The main factors infl uencing the choice of technologies and technical means are identifi ed. The structural scheme presented takes into account restrictions imposed by agro-climatic and production conditions faced by agricultural producers, i.e. amount of work and terms, phytosanitary conditions, relief and contour of fi elds for the selection of technologies and rational composition of the machine and tractor fl eet, as well as technical and economic characteristics of technical facilities. The structural scheme also ensures that the requirements of universality and compatibility of the software product, as well as information input and output are met. A general description of the diagram and the blocks it consists of are given: database, inital data input, technology selection and report generation.