The results of the study of enzymatic activity of peats of the three bogs of upper and lowland types – Saim, Bolshoye and Tungusovskoye (Tomsk region) are presented. The peculiarities of organic matter formation of peats of different types are given. It is shown that the properties of peats with up to eight different plants in their composition are a consequence of the different structure of polymers of the original plants. The activity indices of enzymes invertase, protease, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, nitrate and nitrite reductase in the peats of different genesis are determined. Thus, at the type level, the extreme values of nitrate and nitrite reductase activity in the peats of the upland bog are equal to 3.60–4.94 mg of reduced NO₃– /24 h/g and 3.52–7.01 mg of reduced NO₂–/24 h/g, respectively, lowland bog – 4.66–19.33 mg of reduced NO₃–/24 h/g and 0.9–13.0 mg of reduced NO₂ –/24 h/g, fluvial bog – 8.77–22.29 mg of reduced NO₃–/24 h/g and 0.2–13.6 mg of reduced NO₂ –/24 h/g. The activity of the enzyme in peats and in mineral soils is compared with the activity estimation according to the D.G. Zvyagintsev scale. Peats are found to show a wider range of invertase values than indicated by the scale. The need to develop a gradation of enzymatic activity assessment for peats is identified. Probably, the activity of enzymes on peat OM transformation may increase when external conditions change towards warming. In the future, it is suggested to develop an evaluation cadastre of peats by enzymatic activity, which will allow, through a balanced selection of peats for agricultural production, to ensure the required quality of products, their environmental safety and economic efficiency.

Perilla frutescens is a monotypic genus of annual herbaceous plants of dead nettles. The article presents a simultaneous evaluation of the presence of both phenolic compounds in P. frutescens seed extracts and compounds of other chemical classes. It has been confirmed that the seeds of P. frutescens varieties k-130, k-263, k-326 contain a large number of polyphenolic complexes, which are biologically active compounds. The complete metabolomic composition of perilla seed extracts is presented for the first time. The study utilized a tandem mass spectrometry method involving the use of liquid chromatography in parallel with an ion trap. Using tandem mass spectrometry, the presence of 60 compounds was identified, of which 41 compounds represent the group of polyphenolic compounds, as well as 19 compounds of other chemical groups in perilla extracts. The chemical components were identified by comparing their retention index, mass spectra and MS fragmentation with the home library database based on the data from other spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, UV-visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Also, 29 chemical compounds were found for the first time, including 16 compounds of polyphenolic group and 13 compounds of other chemical groups. Lignans: syringaresinol and medioresinol; coumarins: umbelliferone and 4-hydroxycoumarin; flavones: luteolin 7-O-glucoside, diosmetin C-hexoside, chrysoeriol C-hexoside C-pentoside; flavanols: ampelopsin, astragalin, etc. were identified in perilla seeds for the first time. The data obtained will help intensify future research on the development and production of new drugs, dietary supplements and various functional, specialized and dietary products containing targeted perilla extracts.

The article presents the results of the study of the influence of sowing dates on the productivity of less common agricultural fodder crops: fodder millet, Sudan grass, spring triticale, Scarlet amaranth and fodder beans. The studies were carried out at the experimental field of the Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Eastern Siberia located in the forest-steppe zone of Transbaikalia. The soil of the site is meadow-chernozem mealy-carbonate, light loam by granulometric composition. The studied crops were sown at different dates to determine the degree of influence of the sowing dates on the duration of interphase periods of plant development, their linear growth, foliage and productivity: May 15 and 25, June 15 and 25. The obtained data indicate that by changing the sowing dates it is possible to influence the productivity of the studied crops and the quality of forages made on their basis. The best indicators on fodder productivity and nutritive value were demonstrated by the crops sown on June 15: yield of green mass – 18.9–30.5 t/ha, dry matter – 3.93–5.70 t/ha, yield of fodder units – 3.03–4.67 t/ha, digestible protein content – 306–901 kg/ha, gross energy – 38.12–57.57 GJ/ha, provision of 1 fodder unit with digestible protein – 93–193 g. Crops of fodder beans and Scarlet amaranth had an advantage, characterized by the following indicators: yield of green mass – 29.6–30.5 t/ha, dry matter yield – 5.70–5.95 t/ha, yield of fodder units – 4.20–4.67 t/ha, digestible protein content – 722–901 kg/ha, gross energy – 52.86–57.57 GJ/ha, provision of 1 fodder unit of digestible protein – 172–193 g. Agrocenoses of Poaceae crops (spring triticale, fodder millet, Sudan grass) were inferior in productivity: their green mass yield was 14.4 –18.9 t/ha, dry matter yield – 2.97–3.93 t/ha, yield of fodder units – 2.23–3.03 t/ha, digestible protein content – 207–341 kg/ha, gross energy – 28.51–38.12 GJ/ha, provision of 1 fodder unit with digestible protein – 93–121 g.

The data on the species composition of weeds from the Cabbage family (Brassicaceae) that grow stably in the territory of the Ussuriysk urban district of the Primorsky Territory and dominate in agrocenoses are given in the article. Objectives of the study are: to summarize data on the most widespread (background) plant species of natural and adventive flora of the Cabbage family of ruderal and segetal habitats of the Ussuriysk urban district of the Primorsky Territory; to note the species listed in the "Black Book of Flora of the Far East" and growing within the limits of the urban district; to cite the species composition of herbaceous plants of the Cabbage family found in the Ussuriysky Nature Reserve. Field studies were conducted using the traditional route-reconnaissance method in 2010–2023. Phenological observations, geobotanical descriptions of identified habitats, collection, identification of herbarium material and photographing of objects from growing sites were carried out. Of the 23 species of Brassicaceae cited in the paper, ten are invasive in the ecosystems of the Far Eastern Federal District: Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey. et Scherb., Berteroa incana (L.) DC., Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., Bunias orientalis L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Hesperis matronalis L., Lepidium densiflorum Schrad., Thlaspi arvense L., Turritis glabra L., Velarum officinale (L.) Reichenb. Most of them, with the exception of B. juncea, C. bursa-pastoris and Th. arvense, are classified as plants that do not cause significant damage at this stage of development. Ruderal habitats are also sites of biodiversity conservation. In the V.L. Komarov Ussuriysky Nature Reserve, 16 species of Cabbage, of which Barbarea orthoceras, B. incana, and Th. arvense are segetal, were identified on the territory of the Ussuriysk Urban District.

The paper presents the results of long-term monitoring of potato tuber damage by caterpillars of cut worms and study of the factors determining it. The research was carried out in grain-grass root-crop rotation in the north-west of the Russian Federation. In recent years in the domestic and world scientific literature an increase in the pest rate of cut worms on potato plantings has been observed, therefore, it is relevant to identify the factors contributing to a significant limitation of damage to potato tubers by the caterpillars of cut worms. According to the results of the studies conducted in the period 2012–2022, it was determined that the damage to potato tubers by caterpillars of cut worms varies widely – from 0.5 to 15.9%. Weather conditions have the strongest influence on tuber damage by cut worms (influence share – 24.3%). The period from planting to flowering of potatoes is determinant, which is confirmed by statistical treatment (r = 0.65, p < 0.05). Increase of tuber damage by cut worms is promoted by hydrothermal conditions during this period, corresponding to the HTC 2.1–2.3, as well as weeding of plantings with perennial dicotyledonous species and some small perennial species. The influence of vegetative mass of the whole set of growing weed vegetation was expressed by a correlation coefficient equal to 0.14 (p < 0.05), including density and mass of perennial dicotyledonous species – 0.11 (p < 0.05) and 0.13 (p < 0.05). One of the factors that significantly reduce damage to potatoes by this pest is preplanting treatment of tubers with insectofungicides. In combination with the use of herbicides, it provided a 56.8% reduction in the proportion of tubers damaged by cut worm caterpillars in the harvested crop. At the same time, application of mineral fertilizers, change of the forecrop in crop rotation and cultivation of potato varieties with different resistance did not lead to a reliable decrease in damage of tubers by caterpillars of cut worms.

Rabies was registered among horses, domestic reindeer and dogs on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2001– 2021. Rabies virus (Rabies lyssavirus) was detected in biomaterial from wild animals in Arctic foxes, red foxes, wolves, colts, ermine and sables. In the Arctic zone of Yakutia in 2023, rabies virus was isolated from a brain sample from one of the domestic reindeer of a herd showing clinical signs of severe agitation and aggression to humans. It is assumed that the reindeer was infected with rabies virus when bitten by a rabies-sick Arctic fox, as the range of distribution of these animals in the region is quite large. Rabies virus detection studies were conducted using polymerase chain reaction, enzyme immunoassay and fluorescent antibody method. The diagnosis of rabies was confirmed in all diagnostic tests. The nucleic acid fragments were isolated from the positive samples by the PCR method and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the viral genome revealed phylogenetic relatedness of the isolated rabies virus isolate in the Arctic zone of Yakutia with the rabies viruses circulating in some areas of the North American continent, including Greenland (two isolates), Canada (six), and the United States (three). The isolate of the rabies virus from the brain of domestic reindeer in the Arctic zone of Yakutia belongs to the group of strains of American origin (USA1) and is phylogenetically close to the strains isolated in Greenland, Canada, and the USA. The studied virus isolate territorially corresponds to the known antigenic variant 3, established earlier in the north of the Asian part of Russia, in particular in Yakutia.

The influence of premixes based on forest (pine needles, pine nut shells, arabinogalactan) and mineral (bentonite clay, expanded vermiculite) raw materials on dairy productivity of cows has been studied. The experiment was conducted in the Krasnoyarsk region on three groups of Black-and-White breed cows (10 heads per group) at the age of the third calving, with a live weight of 530–550 kg. The control group was fed the basic diet, the 1st experimental group was fed a premix consisting of bentonite clay, pine coniferous flour, pine nut shells, vitamin and mineral complex and arabinogalactan in addition to the basic diet. Cows of the 2nd experimental group were fed a premix of a similar compo sition with the exception of bentonite clay, instead of which expanded vermiculite was included in the premix. The duration of the experiment was 60 days. The cows were kept tethered and walking, milking was automatic in the milk pipeline. The feeding ration corresponded to zootechnical standards. The studied premixes were fed in a mixture with concentrated feeds once a day. The research was carried out according to generally accepted methods using modern certified equipment. Feeding the cows of the studied premixes had a positive effect on milk productivity in both experimental groups, however, the greatest increase in productivity compared with the control was found in cows of the 2^nd experimental group who received a premix with expanded vermiculite in the composition. Milk yield of natural fat content in this group increased by 7.60%, milk yield of basic fat content – by 14.02%, the mass fraction of fat in milk – by 0.23 percentage points, the amount of milk fat – by 14.02%, milk protein – by 9.65%. The organoleptic parameters of the milk of experimental cows under the influence of the studied premixes did not deteriorate and met the requirements of the GOST (Russian National Standard) for premium milk.

The results of evaluation of the peculiarities of functioning of non-enzymatic systems of neutrophils of peripheral blood of guinea pigs before immunization and on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 42nd, 55th, 69th, 125th days after immunization with Brucella R-strain are presented. Two groups of agouti guinea pigs were formed for the study: control and experimental. The experimental animals were immunized with a suspension of Brucella abortus strain 16/4 at a dose of 1 billion CFU/ml subcutaneously; the control pigs were intact to brucellosis. The activity of antimicrobial systems was evaluated by determining the indices of cationic proteins by photometric method in spontaneous and induced variants. Experimental samples of brucellosis antigens were used as specific inducers in the reaction procedure. It was found that the use of Brucella disintegrans at a concentration of 50 μg/ml and corpuscular antigens at a concentration of 100 μg/ml by protein in the test with cationic proteins as inducers of disintegrants has a stimulating effect on the intensity of cationic protein production in the cell suspension of leukocytes. Stimulation indices were calculated at all observation periods as the ratio of the index of the stimulated sample to the index of the sample without antigen load. Two peaks of stimulating activity of cationic proteins were observed in the course of the study: the maximum rise of stimulation indices was observed on the 14th day after immunization and a less pronounced rise on the 28th day. The peak of agglutinating antibody production was on the 21st day after immunization, complement-binding antibodies – on the 21st-28th day, less intensive rise in titers of agglutinating and complement-binding antibodies was noted on the 69th day. In these terms, a decrease in the stimulated activity of neutrophil cationic proteins was observed. The peak activity of non-enzymatic cationic proteins of neutrophils was found to be ahead of the peak of humoral immune response.

The results of using the polymer cover of the feed table "Meadow of Health" in comparison with the concrete feed table are presented. The research was carried out in the conditions of the dairy livestock complex of the Kirov region on milk cows of the Black-and-White Holstein breed during the lactation period. Concrete feed tables for cows during the lactation stabilization period at the time of carrying out had average wear, while the cover of the feed table "Meadow of Health" remained smooth and even for 6 months. The study of microbial contamination of feed table covers showed, that already one month after the beginning of the experiment, the number of microbial cells was 54.7% lower (p < 0.05) in the 1st experimental group, where the "Meadow of Health" cover was used, compared to the concrete table. The amount of uneaten feed residues on the feed tables with the "Meadow of Health" cover was less in comparison with the concrete feed table (p < 0.05), which indicates better palatability of forage mixture from this cover. When transferring cows from polymer cover to concrete from the 2nd month of lactation, a decrease in average daily milk yields by 0.9 kg was observed. By the 4^th month of lactation, the reduction in milk yield was 4.8 kg of milk per head per day. When transferring cows from a concrete feed table to a polymer one, there was an increase in milk productivity by 0.4–1.3 kg per head/day. In the first 3 months, the consumption of feed from a polymer-coated table increased by 2.3–5.6% compared to the concrete one. During 5 months of lactation, cows from the cover of the feed table "Meadow of Health" ate feed by 6.8–8.6% more than from concrete, which led to greater productivity of the animals during the analyzed period. The use of the polymer cover of the feed table "Meadow of Health" allowed to get additional profit in the amount of 20,460 rubles and recoup the costs of its installation already on the 39th day of use.

Materials on the history of the study of equine rhinopneumonia are presented. The study of rhinopneumonia began in the mid-19th century. At first the disease was called Influenza, and then it began to be differentiated as independent diseases: grippe, Influenza, contagious catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, infectious pleuropneumonia. In 1933, American scientists Dimock and Edwards found that abortions were noted in horses with influenza. After examining the findings, they determined the viral etiology of the disease. Since 1941, opinions have been expressed that influenza and equine viral abortion are the same disease, but occurring in different forms. The nervous form of equine herpes virus was first reported in Norway in 1966, then in the United States, Canada, and European countries. In the USSR in 1955, N.N. Oleinik registered viral abortion of horses. Subsequently, rhinopneumonia of horses was investigated by K.P. Yurov. The virus was first isolated and identified by K.P. Yurov and N.N. Kryukov in 1969, 1970 from the foals with respiratory disease on horse farms in the Ryazan region. The Office International des Epizootics (OIE) reference laboratory for equine rhinopneumonia was established in 1995. Methods of diagnosis and prevention of rhinopneumonia in horses have been developed on the basis of this laboratory. Equine rhinopneumonia is widespread in Europe, Asia and Africa, as well as in both subcontinents of North and South America. There is a large proportion of horses on all continents that have antibodies to this infection virus. According to literature data, equine herpes virus has been reported in a number of European countries, including CIS countries and Russia.

The vibration method of feed grain crusher can be realized in various designs of crushers, but preference should be given to dynamic machine schemes, as such systems contribute to energy saving and increase the reliability of the whole structure. The analysis of the totality of information on vibrating crushers developed in various branches of economy allowed formulating the main requirements to the dynamic systems of these machines. These include the following: providing vibration of points of the working bodies according to certain laws; implementation of self-synchronization of vibro-exciters (in the case of a pair of vibro-drive); ensuring the minimum amplitude of the load-bearing system of the crusher, on which the vibro-exciters are mounted; ensuring the maximum amplitude of the working body of the crusher; compactness of the vibro-drive; absence of parasitic vibrations. Due to these requirements, vibrating jaw crushers for feed grain deserve special attention. Crushers close in technical essence are successfully used in mining. In such crushers, various vibratory dynamic effects important for the technology are manifested. The purpose of this work is to increase the technical level of the vibrating crusher of feed grain on the basis of using the effects of self-synchronization of vibration exciters and intensification of discharging the crushed material. The mathematical model of dynamics of the vibrating jaw crusher of feed grain, taking into account its design features and interaction of working bodies with the technological medium, is obtained. It is found that of the two possible synchronization modes, the synchronous-synphase mode is stable. Analytical analysis has shown the technological operability of the dynamic scheme of the vibrating jaw crusher in this synchronization mode, while the dynamics of the crusher meets almost all other specified requirements.