The results of the study of the inheritance of the main economically valuable traits of barley in the reciprocal crossing system and the assessment of the combination ability of seed parents in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe in 2023–2024 are presented. The objects of research were 6 varieties of Siberian spring barley, 1 foreign variety and 12 F₁ hybrids created on their basis. The soil of the experimental field was thin common chernozem. The forecrop was complete fallow. The content of humus in the soil was 3,4–4,0%, nitrate nitrogen – 5,3–5,7 mg/kg of soil, phosphorus – 18,8–22,2 mg/100 g of soil, potassium – 13,7–15,0 mg/100 g of soil. In terms of heat and moisture supply, 2023 was characterized by dry conditions with the HTC of 0.86, while 2024 was excessively humidified with the HTC of 1.86. Sowing was carried out at the optimal time for the culture on May 25–27. The feeding area of the plant was 2×20 cm. The repetition was 3-fold. According to the results of the assessment, the varieties showed a reliably high total combination ability only by the number of grains per ear. This feature was inherited mainly by the type of positive overdomination – 50.0% of the combinations (H_p ˃ + 1.00). The varieties of spring barley Takmak, Olenek and Talan showed a high total combination ability by the ear grain content (g_i = 0,36–0,96) and a lower specific combination ability (σ 0,06–0,49) in all years of the study, which indicates the prospects for using these varieties in heterosis selection. Promising hybrid combinations with a complex of economically valuable traits have been identified: Buyan × Salome, Salome × Buyan, Olenek × Salome, Salome × Abalak, Takmak × Salome, Salome × Takmak.

The purpose of the research was to study the sowing qualities of seeds, morphological parameters of seedlings of various varieties of spring wheat during pre-sowing treatment of seeds with salicylic acid under conditions of sufficient moisture and against the background of osmotic stress. The materials for the research were: seeds of durum spring wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.) (Bezenchukskaya 210, Orenburgskaya 10, Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya, Kremen) salicylic acid, PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol). Seed treatment with salicylic acid at the stage of juvenile development did not significantly affect the energy of seed sprouting and germination, but contributed to an increase in root weight in the varieties Kremen (by 15%), Bezenchukskaya 210 (by 13.3%), Orenburg 10, Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya (by 1.8%). In the variant with the use of polyethylene glycol, the indicators of seed sowing qualities decreased by 5–10%. In the Orenburg 10 variety, the decrease was 8 and 10% in sprouting energy and germination, respectively, and 5–7% in other varieties. The use of salicylic acid offset the negative impact of artificially created drought on the sowing qualities of seeds and the morphology of seedlings. Under artificially created drought conditions, treatment with salicylic acid contributed to an increase in the average number of rootlets by 2.9% (except for the Orenburgskaya 10 variety) and the rootlet weight of 1 sprout from 6.2% to 18.7% (except for the Kremen variety); the average length and weight of sprouts on the Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya variety by 33.5 and 42.8%, respectively, and on the Orenburgskaya 10 variety by 18.3 and 30.7%, respectively. For the remaining varieties, the sprout length increased by 2.0 and 8.8%.

In June – September 2024, using a drip irrigation system in a controlled environment, a study was conducted on growing in vitro cultured micro plants of six released potato varieties of different maturity groups (Lyubava, Pamyati Anoshkina – early-maturing, Kemerovchanin, Nevsky, Tanai – middle-early, Tuleyevsky – medium-maturing) using the seedling method. The plants were placed in 7-liter vessels filled with peat substrate. The study was conducted for 112 days at a room temperature of 19–22 °C, relative air humidity of 70–85%, and a photoperiod duration of 16 hours. The interaction of hydrothermal conditions and illumination mode created in the laboratory made it possible to achieve 99% plant acclimatization and good morphometric parameters. Absolute and average values of quantitative yield and productivity of aboveground plant shoots and minitubers were obtained. It was found that the length of aboveground shoots in the studied potato varieties was developed to the greatest extent before flowering of plants (85–91%). The growth of aboveground shoots in length significantly decreased by the period of minitubers formation and was no more than 23%. The plants with aboveground shoots 109–133 mm long formed 148–205 g of green mass during the growing season. At the same time, the daily stem growth of the varieties was 0.5–1.4 cm. A maximum of 4–10 minitubers were obtained from one plant for each variety, on average – from 2 to 4 pcs. Of the total number of minitubers obtained (1113 pcs.), 84.4% were morphologically formed for further propagation. The average weight of tubers per plant was 56–146 g, the average weight of one tuber was 20–69 g. The highest average weight of one tuber was observed in the Nevsky (42 g) and Lyubava (69 g) varieties with the corresponding diameters of 49 and 61 mm. The use of drip irrigation and controlled lighting in growing minitubers of released potato varieties made it possible to ensure an output of up to 71.0–89.8% of the standard fraction (9–60 mm), which meets GOST 33996–2016.

To increase the productivity and quality of winter rye grain, it is necessary to create new varieties that are adaptive to various environmental stress factors and meet the requirements of the north-eastern region of the European part of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the research is to create a variety of winter rye with high adaptive capacity, resistance to soil and climatic stresses, forming a consistently high yield. Breeding work on the creation of a new variety Batist was carried out in 2004–2020 at the Falensky Breeding Station. The study was conducted in comparison with the Falenskaya 4 standard on the soil backgrounds of sod-podzolic soil: an ordinary and a natural hard, provocative background in terms of acidity. Agrochemical parameters of the soil were as follows: the usual background of рН_KCl was 5,0–5,2 units, mobile ion content of Al³⁺ ions was 5,0–6,5 mg/100 g of the soil, and the natural background provocative in terms of alumina acid content of рН_KCl was 3,7–3,9 units, while the mobile ion content of Al³⁺ ions was 26,5–28,4 mg/100 g of the soil. The variety of winter rye Batist with a dominant type of short stem was created by the method of multiple biotypic selections from the varieties Era and Volkhova. On average for 2016–2020, in a competitive variety trial on a conventional soil background, the yield of the Batist variety was 5,35 t/ha (+0,75 t/ha to the standard), on a provocative soil acidity background, the average yield of the new variety was 3,46 t/ha (+0,80 t/ha to the standard). The Batist variety is characterized by high winter hardiness (4.7 points) and regenerative ability after snow mold damage (86%). According to baking indicators, it belongs to the 1st and 2nd quality classes, depending on the conditions of the year (falling-number – 168–225 s). A comparative assessment of the adaptive yield potential of the Batist variety was carried out, which showed a low response to stress factors, high stability of the variety in various environmental conditions. According to the results of the State Variety Trial (2021–2022) in 2023, the Batist variety was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, with admission to the Volga-Vyatka and Northern regions.

The article examines and proposes an automated method for determining the structure and yield of sunflower, which allows predicting yields and offering recommendations for optimizing the placement of crops depending on the potential of fields. The main objectives of the study included the development and implementation of innovative steppe agriculture aimed at ensuring the productivity of agricultural lands in accordance with their biopotential. The technology of differentiated seed sowing and mineral fertilizer application was tested for 3 years (from 2022 to 2024) on experimental fields in two farms of the Altai Territory using different tillage systems (classical flat-cutting and No-till system). The farms are located in the Prialeiskaya soil-climatic zone. It has been established that one of the main indicators determining the level of soil fertility diversity is the spatial differentiation of the humus content and basic nutrition elements. Algorithms for the allocation of soil fertility zones subject to differentiation of seed and mineral fertilizer rates have been developed with regional specificity. In the farm working under the No-till system, there is a higher organic matter content of the experimental field (4.0%). At classical flat-cuting tillage the humus content is noted at the level of 3.5%. It has been found that the higher the humus content, the higher the level of soil fertility. Automated methods of recognizing and counting the number of sunflower sprouts, as well as building the maps of weed vegetation using RGB images of ultra-high spatial resolution obtained by an unmanned aerial vehicle have been proposed and investigated. It has been identified that when choosing rational ratios of the seeding rate and fertilizer application doses by zones of soil fertility of the field, their joint influence on the field germination of plants and the number of sprouts obtained should be taken into account.

Broad beans (Vicia faba L.), as a valuable protein crop, are of great food importance. When grown in Western Siberia, they are affected by a whole range of diseases that not only reduce the quality of the product, but also cause significant crop losses. The influence of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii on the development of diseases on broad beans of the Sibirskie variety was studied. Field studies were conducted in 2019–2023 at a station located in the northern forest-steppe of the Ob region of the Novosibirsk region, using the generally accepted methods. The strain of the entomopathogenic fungus M. robertsii (P-72) was used as the object of research. The field experiment included treating the seeds of the Sibirskie variety of broad beans with a suspension of M. robertsii at a concentration of 5 × 10⁷ conidia/ml at a rate of 2.5 l per 20 kg of seeds. The studies have shown that treatment of field-grown broad bean seeds with the endophytic entomopathogenic fungus M. robertsii increases plant resistance to a range of diseases. The most pronounced annual occurrence of spotting of various etiologies (species of the genus Alternaria, Cladosporium and Fusarium, etc.) in the bean agrocenosis is from 39.2 to 100%. When using M. robertsii, a reliable reduction in the development of the disease was revealed in almost all years of observation. After treatment, the plants were less affected by root rot, fusariosis, mosaic, powdery mildew and other spotting. This effect was observed during the entire period of bean vegetation during 2019–2023 under different weather conditions, which indicates a positive phytosanitary effect and the prospect of its use as a biological control agent in the agrocenosis of agricultural crops.

The biochemical picture of blood allows not only to determine the effect of antimicrobial drugs on the body of fish, adaptation to the conditions of water bodies, but also to determine the physiological state of aquatic organisms. The purpose of the study was to study the effect of cyclodextrin complex with enterosgel on the biochemical parameters of the blood of young sturgeons. For the studies, experimental groups were formed according to the principle of pairs-analogues in the amount of 10 specimens in each group: 1st control and 2nd control groups were characterized by an impaired functional state of the body. No therapeutic measures were carried out with them, levofloxacin with enterosgel was not introduced into the compound feed. The differences were that individuals of the 1st control group were given high-quality feed, while the 2nd control group was given poor-quality feed. The 1st experimental and 2nd experimental groups received high-quality feed, they underwent therapeutic measures, and they were characterized by an impaired functional state of the body. The differences consisted in different concentrations of the administered drug – 15 and 10%, respectively. The total protein content of fish on the 8th day in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was 77.60 ± 0.80 and 84.90 ± 3.43 g / l, respectively, which is 7.87 g / l and 0.57 g / l lower than in the 1st control group. In terms of total protein content, the control groups had virtually no differences between themselves with 86.33 g / l and 86.63 g / l respectively. In sturgeons from the experimental groups, the indicator was lower than the control values by 9.76 g / l and 3.86 g / l. Analysis of the content of macro elements showed that their values by groups were approximately at the same level and did not go beyond the norm. According to the obtained values of phosphorus concentration in the blood, the optimal values were observed in sturgeons of the 2nd experimental group, which received the studied complex with a fluoroquinolone content of 10%.

The article presents the results of a study on testing a method for assessing cows using the nutritional activity index. The specified index is determined by the ratio of daily milk yield to the time spent on feed intake and chewing activity. Within the framework of the proposed method, analysis of the ethological manifestations of cows under robotic milking conditions was carried out. Information on the behavioral characteristics of animals was obtained by visual observation at one of the Holstein breeding farms in the Republic of Tatarstan. It has been established that with an increase in the nutritional activity index, cows spend less time standing and devote less time to passive rest, lie down more and devote more time to chewing activity, which is reflected in their milk productivity indicators. Cows with a high nutritional activity index had significantly higher milk yield for 305 days of lactation than the cows with an average index by 932.2 kg (9.0%) at p ˂ 0.05, and with a low index by 1686.9 kg (17.5%) at p ˂ 0.01. Animals with a high nutritional activity index in terms of milk fat and protein content were significantly ahead of the cows with an average index by 41.2 kg (10.3%) and 31.3 kg (9.3%), respectively, at p ˂ 0.05, and with a low index by 71.2 kg (19.3%) and 55.4 kg (17.8%), respectively, at p ˂ 0.01. Thus, the nutritional activity index can be used as a selection feature for improving the dairy herd, which allows it to be filled with animals of an active behavior type.

The results of using a feed additive by drenching for cows after calving are presented. The research was carried out in the conditions of the dairy livestock complex of the Kirov region on dairy cows of the Black-and-White Holstein breed during the lactation period. In the experiment, two feed additives for cow drenching were studied – "LactoTop" and "EnergoLact-O" on two groups of cows with 10 heads each. It was found that the drenching of cows using the feed additive "EnergoLact-O" in comparison with "LactoTop" helps to reduce the level of ketone bodies in the blood by 0.3 on the 5th day after calving. The milk productivity of cows of the second group ("EnergoLact-O") from the first month and throughout lactation significantly exceeded the milk productivity of cows of the first group ("LactoTop") in milk yield, as well as the mass fraction of fat and protein in milk. For 305 days of lactation, this milk yield superiority was 10.7% (p < 0.01), which allowed, with higher protein and fat levels in the milk of cows of the second group, to obtain milk fat (in kg) and milk protein (in kg) from these cows by 15.1% and 13.5%, respectively. Cows receiving the "EnergoLact-O" feed additive showed better reproduction performance compared to cows receiving "LactoTop". This allowed them to achieve a better insemination index of 1.9 compared to cows of the first group with an index of 2.1. The use of the feed additive "EnergoLact-O" allowed not only to save 6,000 rubles. when drenching 10 cows in the first 3 days after calving, but also to receive 31176 rubles more profit per cow than when using the "LactoTop" supplement. At the same time, the profitability of milk production increased by 9.8%.

The results of the study of the effect of feeding various doses of the feed additive "Sunflower feed fibers" on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of lactating cows of the Blackand-White breed of the Priobsky type in the conditions of the Altai Territory are presented. This feed additive is a by-product in the production of food and feed protein concentrates from sunflower meal; it is distinguished by fairly high nutritional value and possesses sorption activity. Two experimental and one control group of cows of 10 heads each were formed. The animals of the control group received the basic diet; the cows of the 1st experimental group received an additional 0.5 kg, and the analogues of the 2nd experimental group received 1.0 kg of the studied feed additive. The duration of the experiment was 60 days. It was revealed that by feeding the cows of the experimental groups with the feed additive, at the end of the experiment, the reserve alkalinity of the blood serum was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher compared to the control (by 8.2–13 .1%) and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower cholesterol levels (by 8.8–15.2%) were observed. The cows of the 2nd experimental group had a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher content of erythrocytes in the blood than in the control (by 24.2%), and the animals of the 1st experimental group had a higher level of creatinine in the blood serum by 19.4% (p ≤ 0.01) and aspartate aminotransferase by 22.5% (p ≤ 0.05). The dynamics of the changes in hematological and biochemical blood parameters indicate the optimization of metabolic processes in the body of the animals under the influence of feeding with the studied feed additive.

The results of the performed research on the improvement of the system of forecasting parameters of the technical condition of the units and assemblies of agricultural vehicles on the example of trucks, implemented in the spreadsheet environment of the office program package of the personal computer are presented. LibreOffice Calc or MS Excel applications among other can be used as the office package programs. The purpose of this research is to develop a system of software-algorithmic and information tools of predicting the parameters of the technical condition of units and assemblies of trucks by improving the methods of prediction. These methods in aggregate are able to clarify the statistical evaluation of the predicted parameters and will enable the specialist to make informed decisions on further operation of the truck. The system of software -algorithmic and information tools can be used on tablets and mobile smartphones to increase the efficiency of work. The improvement of forecasting methods in the information model of the system of software-algorithmic and information tools of forecasting is substantiated. The established algorithm of the information model has a clear and accessible interface for the user with access to the root directory of folders with systematized files having extensions .doc and .xlsx. Predictive calculations are performed after entering the diagnostic results of the vehicle in question and after processing by the system, the predicted and maximum parameters of the critical state of the vehicle's units and assemblies are indicated in the information provided. This ensures timely and quality performance of technical diagnostics in the prescribed order and volume, reduces the probability of vehicle failures on the line, and increases the efficiency of the farming company's fleet.

At the end of the XIX century, the development of livestock farming in the territory of the Siberian Cossack army was at a fairly high level. In terms of both the number of crops and the number of livestock, the Cossacks equaled the Siberian peasants. The military population on the Irtysh, Biysk, Bukhtarma and Ishim defensive lines, as well as in the Kyrgyz steppe, were engaged in livestock breeding and arable farming. Animal husbandry did not require such labor costs as working on arable land, and was not rigidly connected with the cycles of agricultural work. Therefore, Cossack farms often had 20 or more heads of cattle. With the construction of the Great Siberian Railway in the nineties of the XIX century, the life of the Cossacks changed markedly. Cattle breeding, horse breeding, and sheep breeding started to develop. Animal husbandry played a secondary role in the economy of the Siberian Cossack army at the end of the XIX century. The size of the herds was determined by a sufficient amount of arable land, pastures and hayfields. Among the poultry they bred were chickens, ducks, geese, and turkeys. During this period, the Cossack economy transitioned from livestock-breeding and semi-subsistence to agricultural-livestock-breeding and small-scale commodity production. The Cossacks bred horses, cattle, small cattle, and, less frequently, pigs and poultry, not only for domestic consumption but also for sale. The article, based on available statistical data, examines a number of issues reflecting the state of animal husbandry in the territory of the Siberian Cossack аrmy: the total number of farm animals in the subsidiary farms of the military population (1898); the ratio of the number of farm animals to the population (1899); comparative analytical data on infectious diseases of animals (1894–1898); the loss of farm animals in the military departments of the Siberian Cossack аrmy (1898).