The work presents the results of testing tank mixtures of herbicides Proponit and Pledge applied in different doses to soybean crops during preemergence Treatment. The tests were carried out in Primorsky territory by standard methods in the form of the plot experiment in the trial field with brown meadow podzolized soils (by mechanical composition characterized as medium clay, content of humus 3.8%, labile phosphorus and exchange potassium in the soil 16 and 120 mg/kg respectively, PH 5.3). Hydrothermal conditions during the experiment were favorable for the implementation of the herbicidal potential of soil preparations. Trial tank mixtures showed high herbicidal activity against annual grass weeds (Echinochloa crusgalli, Setaria spp), annual dicotyledonous species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Acalypha australis, Abutilon theophrasti, Elsholtzia pseudocristata, Chenopodium album), Commelina communis and certain perennial dicotyledonous weeds. The use of mixtures of Proponit and Pledge in higher doses contributed to an increase in protective action and increase in the total herbicidal activity of preparations. The highest yield of soybean in the experiment, 2.41 t/ha, which exceeded the control value by 3.5 times, was achieved in the variant of the soil treatment with a mixture of herbicides in the maximum recommended rates (Proponit 3.0 l/ ha + Pledge 0.12 kg/ha). The economic efficiency of chemical weeding amounted to 39.0 thousand rubles/ha. Thus, in the conditions of soya crops contamination mainly by sensitive annual weed species and with optimal soil moisture, preemergence use of Proponit + Pledge tank mixtures was sufficient for reliable protection of soybean crops and eliminated the need for foliar herbicides.

The work presents the results of comparative field tests on effectiveness of insecticides and bioinsecticides and their tank mixtures for potatoes against the potato ladybird and the Colorado beetle in the South of the Far East. Effectiveness of preplanting and vegetation treatment of potatoes with preparations was observed. The study, conducted in 2012–2014 on the plants of the recognized Yantar potatoes variety, showed high biological efficiency of preparations from the neonicotinoid class of Prestige and Cruiser in the rates of 1.0 l/t and 0.2 l/t by pre-planting treatment of potato tubers. The Prestige and Cruiser provided long-term protective effect against the Colorado potato beetle and the potato ladybird, which eliminated the need for treatment in the growing season of the crop. The use of these insecticides caused productivity increase of potatoes by 7.5 and 8.4 t/ha. For vegetation treatment the preparation Decis Extra showed the highest and the most long-lasting effect. On the 28th day after the treatment, its effectiveness accounted for 84.4–90.3%. Protective effect of bio-insecticide Phytoverm lasted for 14 days. Double treatment of potatoes with this bio-insecticide restrained the number of pests below the threshold number until the end of the growing season. During the research it was found that the joint use of Phytoverm with 3 times lower rates of the insecticides Decis Extra and Konfidor provided a significant reduction in the number of the potato ladybird and the Colorado potato beetle and the preservation of 39.3-41.6% of potato productivity.

The efficiency of leaf effect herbicides in corn crops was studied. The study was carried out in 2001–2016 in the experimental fields of Primorye on brown meadow podzolized soils containing 3-4% of humus in the arable horizon. In 2001–2010 corn of hybrid population Slavyanka was sown and in 2015–2016 – ZPTK196, with a seeding rate of 70.000 seeds/ha. Herbicides Milagro (1.0 and 1.5 l/ha), Titus (0.04 kg/ha), Cordus (0.04 kg/ ha) and Doublon Gold (0.07 kg/ha) in tank mixture with Luvaram (0.82 l/ha) or Dianatom (0.4 l/ ha) enhanced the effect of preparations on weed plants, especially on common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia). Biological efficiency increased to 74–90%, and yield – by 0.43–1.80 t/ha. The use of herbicide Basis (0.02 and 0.025 kg/ha) led to the increase in corn grain yield to 1.43–2.06 t/ ha. Resistant to this herbicide was dayflower (Commelina communis), which, due to the lack of other weeds, increased the above-ground mass to 1.3 kg / m2.. The application of herbicide MaisTer provided the yield increase up to 2.09–2.41 t/ha. It was observed that for more reliable suppression of common ragweed, herbicide MaisTer (0.125 and 0.15 kg/ha) should be used no later than the phase of three pairs of leaves when the air temperature does not exceed 200C. The herbicides Titus Plus (0.34 and 0.38 kg/ha) and Stellar (1.5l/ ha) almost completely purified the corn from weeds, which contributed to the preservation of 2.07–3.59 t/ha of corn.

The work presents the results of the research into studying technological qualities of the grain of spring common wheat, variety Siberian Alliance, depending on the soil tillage system in grain-fallow crop rotation. The research was conducted in the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression in the experimental plot established in 1974, in a fourcourse grain-fallow crop rotation (fallow – wheat – peas – pure barley and barley intercropped with melilot). Various soil tillage systems were applied: deep moldboard, deep combined, minimum combined, minimum moldboard. The study of grain quality took place on crops of spring common wheat by three preceding crops on bare fallow and greenmanured fallow with rape and melilot. The soil of the experimental plot was characterized as leached chernozem, medium-textured, medium humus, heavy-loam. The humus content in an arable layer was 8.2%. Crops of spring common wheat were sown with all types of soil tillage systems by the multifunction tillage and sowing machine Tom’5.1. Optimum conditions for obtaining grain of spring common wheat of high quality were formed on green-manured fallow with intercropping of melilot and rape by moldboard and minimum combined soil tillage. On average, the mass of 1000 grains amounted to 37.0-37.4 g, in 2017 – 41.0 g, natural weight – 725-751 g/l, hardness – 80-81%, content of crude gluten – 32-33%, mass fraction of protein – 15.2-15.3%. Positive correlations between indices of grain quality, r = 0,40700,6594 were established. According to the State Standard Specification P 52554-2006, cultivar of common spring wheat Siberian Alliance confirms its belonging to the strong wheat type by the quality indices obtained.

The work presents the results of evaluation of 150 varieties of sowing peas (Pisum Sativum L.) of different ecological and geographical origin that have not lost their breeding value in recent years by a number of economically valuable signs from the world collection of The N.I. Vavilov All Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. The purpose of the research was to identify promising varieties of sowing peas from the collection to create modern varieties of peas for grain use. The experiment was conducted in 2014–2016. on leached chernozem of the northern foreststeppe of Western Siberia. The weather conditions during the years of research were contrasting. So, in May and July of 2014, precipitation was above the average rainfall, which caused the formation of tall pea plants, especially in the varieties of leafy morphotype. In 2015, the air temperature was above the long-term average annual rate with uneven precipitation. In 2016, the air temperature in May generally corresponded to the long-term average annual rates, but August was characterized by precipitation deficit. The maximum yield for the years of research was noted in the varieties of leafy morphotype group: Bogatyr (625 g/m2), Kemchug (510 g/m2), and the group with the modified morphotype: Az-318 and Orel (480 g/ m2). Varieties with the modified morphotype Az-318, Sprut-2, Orel, Demos, Yamal proved to be highly resistant to lodging and easy to harvest, due to being adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Western Siberia. The correlation analysis conducted in 2016 revealed a reliable positive relationship (r = 0.63) between the mass of 1000 grains and the yield. A closer positive relationship was found during all the years of the study between the yield and the number of peapods on the plant (r = 0.48–0.67). A negative dependence was observed between the length of the plant and the yield.

Experimental data on the creation of fodder agrocenoses for the production of green feed in the spring and early summer period is presented. The research was conducted in 2014-2016 in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The study included winter and spring rye crops and cabbage. It was established that the promising crop that gives the earliest green feed is the winter rye of autumn sowing. It was characterized by a high regrow capacity and formed two yield cuttings in the tillering phase. The yield of green mass was 7.7 t/ha, dry matter – 1.36 t/ha, output of feed units was 1.34 t/ha, the amount of digestible protein – 279 kg/ha. In the phase of stem elongation, the figures were 10.0 t/ ha, 2.17 t/ha, 1.93 t/ha, 287 kg/ ha, respectively; in the earing phase (one cutting) – 9.3 t/ha, 3.30 t/ha, 2.65 t/ha, 287 kg/ha, respectively. Feed biomass was of higher quality when used in the period of tillering, where the content of digestible protein per one feed unit was 206-210 g. The spring sowings of winter rye were inferior to the autumn sowings in the amount of two cuttings in the tillering phase: green mass by 3.3 t/ha, dry matter 0.58 t/ha, feed units 0.58 t/ha, digestible protein 113 kg/ha; in the stem elongation phase: 5.5 t/ha, 1,27 t/ha, 1.15 t/ ha, 168 kg/ha, respectively. Crops of spring rape, oil radish and spring rye are also important, since they allow to obtain a sufficiently high yield in the early summer period. In the budding phase the yield of green mass of cabbage crops was 22.8 and 18.3 t/ ha, dry matter – 2.69 and 2.78 t/ha, feed units – 2.70 and 2.25 t/ha, digestible protein – 648 and 599 kg/ ha; in the flowering phase the figures for oil radish were 21.5 t/ha, 2.56 t/ha, 2.57 t/ha, 499 kg/ ha, respectively. In the tillering phase the figures for spring rye in the amount of two cuttings were 7.3 t/ ha, 1.31 t/ha, 1.11 t/ha, 210 kg/ ha, respectively; in the phase of stem prolongation – 3.8 t/ha, 0.82 t/ ha, 0,87 t/ha, 105 kg/ha, respectively.

The paper presents the results of research into breeding of the new cultivar of oil radish Sibiryachka by the method of multiple individual selection during the period 2008-2018. The cultivar of oil radish Tambovchanka was used as an initial material. The studies were conducted in the foreststeppe zone of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk region) in the breeding nurseries laid on fallow by a widerowed method. Well-developed plants were selected in the field conditions, which were then used for selection of the most productive forms for further sowing, on the basis of the thorough laboratory analysis of the components of the seed yield. For comparative analysis the initial standard cultivar Tambovchanka was used. The main attention in the selections process was paid to high seed and feed productivity, early maturity, resistance to main diseases and pests. As a result, after conducting five selection cycles, a complex hybrid population was obtained, which, in the contest trial during three years, showed an advantage over the standard cultivar by seed and dry matter yield, as well as by stability of seed yield. It was submitted for the state cultivar test with the name Sibiraychka. The main economically valuable features of the oil radish cultivar Sibiryachka are as follows: the average yield of green mass is 33.6 tn/ha, seeds – 1.2 tn/ ha, the seed protein content is 28%. The cultivar is early-ripening, so the duration of the growing season is 89-101 days. It reaches mowing ripeness in 59-75 days. The leaf formation of the cultivar is 41-59%. The new cultivar is resistant to major diseases and pests and is intended for fodder and green manure use. The cultivar was included in the State register of breeding achievements suitable for cultivation on the whole territory of the Russian Federation in 2018. The copyright certificate and patent were received.

During the research, non-traditional fodder crops that have high fodder productivity and adaptability to natural and climatic conditions of Trans-Baikal Territory were studied. The results of field and laboratory studies for 2014–2016 are presented on the cultivation of annual poaceous fodder crops – feed millet, Sudan grass and barley in single-crop sowings, as well as mixed with high-protein spring rape, in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory. The research was conducted on meadow-chernozem mealycarbonate soil. Fodder crops were assessed by their adaptability to growing conditions and by a set of economically valuable characteristics. The possibility of increasing productivity and quality of fodder of poaceous agrocenoses by means of cabbage crops was established. Joint sowings of annual fodder crops: feed millet + spring rape, Sudan grass + spring rape provided the maximum collection of green mass – 24.4-25.9 t/ha, dry matter – 3.55-3.78 t/ha, feed units – 3.17-3.30 t/ha, digestible protein – 506-545 kg/ha, gross energy – 37.3-39.3 GJ., with a high supply of digestible protein to a feed unit – 160-165 g/k per unit. Mixed sowings of Sudan grass and feed millet with spring rape increased collection of feed units by 22.3%, digestible protein – by 86.8%, gross energy – by 18.5% compared to single-crop sowings. Barley, when cultivated under the same conditions, was inferior in productivity to feed millet and Sudan grass in single-crop sowings by 1.2-1.7 times, in mixed sowings – by 1.0-1.5 times. 

The use of genetic markers in addition to traditional methods of animal selection with desirable genotypes allows to increase the share of animals with high productivity in the next generations and ensures improvement of breeding efficiency. Genetic features of the Prikatun type of the Gorno-Altay semi-fine wool breed of sheep and the white downy goat breed in the Republic of Altay were studied by the method of immunogenetic and molecular genetic analysis. The frequency of antigenic factors was identified and the index of genetic similarity between goats and sheep and their separate herds was calculated. Gene polymorphism of β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and calpastatin (CAST) was revealed by the method of DNA diagnosis. Population and genetic characteristics of the herds was studied by the genes specified. Associative genotype relation to productivity and quality of the produce obtained was analyzed. The index of genetic similarity between the goats and the sheep was at the level of 0.713, between the separate herds of the goats the index was 0.861. The ratio of genotypes in the BLG gene determined by PCR analysis in the white downy goats was S₁ S₁ – 16.1%; S₁ S₂ – 50.6%; S₂ S₂ – 33.3%. In the Prikatun type two genotypes were identified in this gene: BB with the frequency of 59.2%, and AB – 40.8%. Two different alleles were identified in the CAST gene of sheep (M and N). The genotype MM was the predominant variant in the CAST sheep gene, whose frequency was 88%. The frequency of occurrence of animals with NN genotype was 1%, MN – 11%. It was shown that the gene equilibrium in the herds was not broken, χ² = 0.931. It was noted that heterozygous goats (S₁ S₂ ) by BLG gene had a higher live weight by 0.30-0.61 kg compared to other variants of BLG gene (p<0.05). It was also found that lambs with genotype MM of the CAST gene had a higher live weight by 5.5 kg than MN heterozygotes (p< 0.01). However, this difference was not revealed in other age and sex groups of animals.

The article presents the results of studying productive qualities of young semi-coarse wool sheep during growth period, from birth to 18 months of age, depending on their origin. The study was carried out in Trans-Baikal Territory, in the pedigree breeding unit. Three groups of experimental animals were under study. The control group consisted of young pure-bred semi-coarse wool Aginskaya breed, the first experimental group consisted of the second generation hybrids of Kazakh semi-coarse wool breed, obtained from breeding within its type, and the second group consisted of the second generation crossbred young sheep of Aginskaya breed, obtained from breeding within its type. It was established that sheep of the second experimental group have advantage in terms of growth, development and slaughtering qualities over the pure-bred analogues of the Aginskaya breed and the animals of the first group. At the age of 18 months, rams of the second group also showed a significant advantage in the average live weight over the analogues from the control group and the first group, by 7.1 and 10.1%, respectively. In ewes, significant superiority in body weight over peers was established at the age of 12 months, by 6.2% and 9.5% respectively. In terms of slaughtering qualities, rams of the second experimental group at the age of 4 and 18 months revealed a significant advantage in the carcass weight and slaughter weight (P <0.05-0.001). Purebred sheep of Aginskaya breed were distinguished by the best wool productivity.

The article assesses the quality of raw venison and its processed products – smoked sausage. The characteristics of reindeer meat, which is not only rich in protein, but also contains watersoluble vitamins, is given. Microbiological safety of venison raised in the conditions of the Far North was studied. Raw produce passed veterinary and sanitary examination in the bodies of the state veterinary service and was granted an official veterinary document characterizing safety of the product. Production stages and technological process of smoked sausage with three names were described, namely: snack sausages, Okhotnichya and Norilskaya. All safety examination was conducted in compliance with Sanitary Rules and Regulations (SanPiN) 2.3.2.1078–01, Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 021/2011 On safety of food products and Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 034/2013 On safety of meat and meat products. The production technological scheme of venison smoked sausages is presented. For processing of non-traditional meat raw materials, standard technological procedures were applied: cutting, salting, maturing, shaping and thermal treatment. Energy value of 100 g of smoked sausages was as follows: snack sausages 453 kcal, Okhotnichya – 453 kcal, Norilskaya – 280 kcal. On completion of the processing, a safety check of smoked sausages by microbiological indices was performed. All the samples showed compliance with the standard regulatory requirements. Increase in industrial processing of these non-traditional meat raw materials will allow to implement its marketing more rationally and more effectively.

The article presents the results of immunogenic certification of fine-fleece sheep of Zabaikalskaya breed of the Khangil type, bred by a sophisticated reproductive cross-breeding method with Australian and Manych Merino breeds. The animals are adapted to a year-round grazing in harsh climatic conditions. The study was carried out in the pedigree plant of Trans-Baikal Territory. The immunogenic certification of animals was carried out in the laboratory of the immunogenic appraisal by six systems of blood groups including 14 antigenic factors. The blood group characteristics of the young were determined depending on their origin. Progeny of Zabaikalskaya stud ram breed of Khangil type is characterized by the highest frequency of occurrence of antigenic factors Aa, Bd, Bi, Bg, Cb, Ma, Mb, R. Given this, the progeny that was bred revealed similarities in the antigenic factors Bd, Bi, Ca, Cb, Ma and R, whereas the discrepancy was established for the antigens Aa, Ab, Bb, Be, Bg, Mb and O. The degree of the genetic similarity and genetic distance between animals within the breed amounted to 0.920 and 0.083 respectively. It is probable that high incidence of antigens Ma, Aa and Bd with the sheep of Zabaikalskaya breed of Khangil type corresponds to their mutton-wool production type. The work demonstrates necessity of the use of genetic markers in the breeding process and in the objective assessment of the degree of genetic similarity and genetic distance between animals of different origin within one breed.