The effect of the long-term use of soil tillage systems on the elements of potential fertility and agrochemical properties of dark-grey forest soil was determined. The research was conducted in the Northern Trans-Urals in a stationary experiment in the grain-fallow crop rotation: bare fallow - winter rye - spring wheat - grain legumes - spring barley, developed in time and space. Upon completion of the 5th rotation (2008-2012), the effect of moldboard, non-moldboard, combined, differential, subsoil and surface tillage systems on soil fertility was studied. It was established that various systems of the basic tillage carried out during five rotations of the grain-fallow crop rotation did not have a significant effect on the soil acidity. Non-moldboard and differential soil tillage, as well as plowing had an equal effect on the content of the total absorbed bases. Annual minor tillage, like sub-soil and disk harrowing led to the decrease in the content of the total absorbed bases by 13-29% in the layer of 2040 cm. The use of non-moldboard tillage caused the decrease in the content of gross nitrogen and gross phosphorus; nitrogen - by 0.70 t/ha in the topsoil, and by 1.33 t/ha or by 10-24% in the soil layer of 2040 cm; phosphorus - by 0.30 t/ha and by 0.27 t/ha or 18-23%, respectively, compared to moldboard tillage. Combined tillage with alternating plowing and non-moldboard soil loosening to a depth of 20-22 cm contributed to the increase in the gross nitrogen content by 1.05 t/ha in the 0-20 cm layer, and by 0.41 t/ha or by 8-45% in the soil layer of 20-40 cm, and led to the increase in the content of mobile phosphorus by 0.23 t / ha or by 14% in the topsoil, compared to the moldboard tillage system. All tillage systems had almost equal effect on the content of gross nitrogen in the soil. Tillage systems with the elements of minimization contributed to a slight increase in the total phosphorus content by 6-14% in the soil layer of 0-20 cm. Resource-saving tillage systems did not affect adversely the content of gross potassium forms in the soil layer of 0-40 cm.

The trials of herbicide Adengo were conducted under vegetation (2016, 2017) and field conditions (2016-2018) in corn crops of the hybrid population P 8521 for grain. The experimental plot had brown meadow podzolized soil, containing 3.5% percent of humus in the arable horizon. Agricultural technology used was based on non-moldboard soil tillage system. The predecessor was soya. Susceptibility to Adengo herbicide was studied in 15 weed species with pre-emergence application and 13 species with the treatment of vegetative plants. The research identified weeds that were highly susceptible to Adengo herbicide under vegetation conditions (biological efficiency of the preparation over 90%): barnyard grass, yellow-foxtail grass, velvet leaf, lamb’s quarters, common amaranth, St. Paul's wort, smartweed, hibiscus trostisy, field sow thistle and bristle thistle; moderately susceptible (70-90%): bristle grass, hairy cup grass, common ragweed and Asian copperleaf; and weakly susceptible (less than 70%): dayflower. In post-emergence application of Adengo, dayflower proved to be a susceptible weed, while Asian copperleaf - weakly susceptible. Weed infestation of experimental plots in the field experiment amounted to 542 pieces of weeds per m² on average, with the total above-ground mass of 4427 g/m². Herbicide Adengo (0.4 and 0.5 l/ha) applied before the crop and weeds emerged, and in phases 2-3 and 5-6 of corn leaves reduced the number of weeds to 134-199 pieces/m² (or by 63-75%). In all periods of application, the herbicide was actively restraining the growth and development of annual grasses by 77-91%, and annual dicotyledons - by 95-99%. Dayflower was effectively eliminated when using Adengo in the phase of 2-3 leaves (86%), and bristle thistle - when spraying in the phase of 5-6 leaves (81-88%). High biological efficiency of the post-emergence herbicide application made it possible to save 4.75-5.26 t/ha of corn grain, while the yield in the control was 0.72 t/ha. Pre-emergence application of the herbicide resulted in a lower yield of corn grain by 0.49-1.0 t/ha than post-emergence application.

The study was carried out in a long-term stationary experiment in the period of the 5th grain-fallow crop rotation: bare fallow - winter rye - spring wheat -spring wheat - spring barley (2008-2012). The effect of the long-term use of basic soil tillage systems of various degrees of intensity on the growth of weed vegetation and the yield of spring barley, i.e. the crop that completes the crop rotation, was studied. The experiment was carried out in Tyumen region on the dark-gray forest heavy loamy soil with the use of herbicides - mixtures of anti-dicotyledonous and graminicide preparations. The humus content in the soil layer of 0-20 cm in the fields of crop rotation for a laying period was 4.2-5.0%, with the pH of the salt extract being 6.0-6.4, and the total absorbed bases being 29.4 mg-eq / 100g of soil. During the study period, with various basic tillage systems applied, total weed infestation of barley was 37-75 pieces/m² in the spring and 5.2-14.3 pieces/m² in the autumn, which corresponded to the medium and low levels of infestation. The technical efficiency of using a mixture of herbicides in the barley field was 83.3%. The best weed control was achieved by moldboard tillage system whereby crops were the cleanest. With all resource-saving tillage systems, infestation was 1.4-2.0 times higher than with moldboard tillage system, mainly due to the growth of miliary weeds (by 60-140%). The highest weed infestation in barley crops before harvest was observed when using a sub-soil tillage system and disk harrowing tillage, which was 105-184% higher than at plowing. It was established that given the complex chemicalization and agrotechnology in grain-fallow crop rotation, the increase in weed infestation with the studied resource-saving tillage systems occurred to a low or medium extent and did not affect weed control or conditions for the formation of the barley yield.

Germinating ability of winter and winterspring hexaploid triticale seeds, as well as wheat and rye seeds, after nine years of room storage at the temperature of 18-24°C, was studied. The experiment was laid in autumn 2008 and included four repetitions of crop samples within each storage variant: in ears and threshed seeds, in paper and plastic bags. For the experiment, the seeds of the new harvest were dried for 2 months in sheaves. In autumn 2017, the seeds were germinated at the temperature of 24 °C. The most acceptable variants of seed storage (in plastic bags and in ears) as well as differences in seed germinating ability of crops and variety specimens of different development types were revealed. Seed germinating ability of all three crops was satisfactory when stored in ears (68 ± 3%) and in plastic bags (70 ± 3%). Reduced germinating ability (59 ± 2%) was noted after storage in paper bags. When stored in plastic bags, the seeds of winter varieties of triticale, Sears 57 and Cecad 90, showed increased germinating ability: 77 ± 3% and 74 ± 2%, respectively. The seed germinating ability of all winter crops was higher than that of winterspring analogues. Triticale excess averaged 9%, wheat - 4.5%, winter rye - 12%. Among all studied crops and samples, the most late-maturing genotype of winter-spring triticale Cecad 90/5 had the lowest seed germinating ability (45 ± 3%), while winter rye variety Korotkostebelnaya 69 had the highest one (84 ± 4%). The diploid rye had an average seed germination rate by 11% higher than the tetraploid one. Wheat and rye had higher seed germinating ability in all variants of the experiment than triticale genotypes, the germinating ability indices being 72 ± 3%, 68 ± 3% and 61 ± 2%, respectively.

The study of economic and biological parameters of garden strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) was conducted in Novosibirsk region from 2016 to 2018. According to phenological signs 77 strawberry varieties can be combined into 3 groups: early-season and mid-season that bear fruit once per season, and ever-bearing varieties. Differences between strawberry varieties in phenological phases were established. The difference in the flowering phase in early and mid-season varieties is 13-15 days. The total flowering duration in all groups is 12-20 days. Early-season varieties produce fruit in the second ten-day period of June, mid-season varieties - in the third ten-day period of June, and day-neutral varieties - in the first ten-day period of July. The duration of the fruit-bearing period in early varieties is 13 days, and in ever-bearing varieties -102-106 days. The most winter-hardy varieties in the period of 2016-2018 were Festivalnaya, Feya, Ruslan, Solnechnaya Polyanka and Pervoklassnitsa. Unrecognized varieties Balerina, Neznakomka, as well as the ever-bearing variety Ostara had a degree of subfreezing of 0 points. During the years of study, the berries were not affected by pests on the experimental plot. However, high temperatures and humidity contributed to the development of leaf spot and grey mold of strawberries. The early-season varieties Alexandrina, Festivalnaya and Pervoklassnitsa can be considered resistant to leaf spot. The varieties of Dutch selection Vima Rima, Kimberley, Vima Xima, Honeoye, as well as unrecognized varieties Venera and Estafeta are strongly affected by leaf spot. A high degree of grey mold lesion was observed in the unrecognized variety Trufel (37.8%) and in recognized varieties Anastasia, Orlets and Feya. The optimum number of peduncles for a biennial bush is 10-12. Three years of study showed that on average the number of peduncles for a group of early varieties was 7-8, mid-season varieties - 3-8, and the ever-bearing varieties - 10-23. Consequently, in the varieties of the early and mid-season groups, the number of peduncles was optimum. A higher number of peduncles in the ever-bearing group resulted in a higher number of small fruit. A group of promising varieties for industrial and private production in terms of yield was identified. The evaluation of the studied collection indicated that only a part of those varieties can produce a high yield of more than 15 t/ha. These are Pervoklassnitsa and Alexandrina from the early-season group. The average yield of 10-14 t/ha can be achieved by Tanyusha and Troitskaya from the early-season group and Zenga Zengana from the mid-season group. Sarah, the variety from the mid-season group, showed a low yield - less than 4 t/ha. Early-season varieties were the most productive among all tested groups. Recognized variety Pervoklassnitsa showed a high yield of 19.6 t/ha on average during 3 years of study.

The paper presents the results of competitive testing of fiber flax hybrids in order to create an early ripening and productive variety with high quality fiber, resistant to lodging and diseases, and adapted to the conditions of Siberia. The studies were carried out on grey forest medium podzolic, medium-textured, medium-loamy soils of the sub-taiga zone in the Tomsk region. The predecessors were cereals. Climatic conditions were suitable for the cultivation of early- and mid-ripening varieties of fiber flax. In the competitive variety testing in 2012-2014, the promising hybrids H 4105₂₆ and H 4144₂₁ were bred, whose pedigree comprised a combination of a number of Tomsk selection varieties (Tomsky 9, Tomsky 10, Tomsky 16), two Russian varieties (Biryuza, Lazurnyiy), a Belarussian one (Orshan-sky 72) and a specimen of wild flax from Denmark. The assessment and selection of hybrid material was carried out using the pedigree method, based on the multiple individual selection and testing of chosen plants by progeny in hybrid generations. Competitive testing was carried out in comparison with the standard recognized variety Tomsky 16. Regarding the duration of the growing season, the studied hybrids H 4105₂₆ and H 4144₂₁ belong to the early maturing group, and the period of development from seeding to harvesting amounts to 63-86 days. The selected hybrids have a higher quality of fiber (the ratio between the stem length and diameter is 461-473), and are characterized by high productivity of straw (3.18-3.25 t/ha) and seeds (0.85-0.91 t/ha). According to the results of the competitive testing, hybrid H 4105₂₆, stood out by the increased fiber content (35.8%), straw and seed yields during the years with different agrometeorological condition. Thus, it was acknowledged as a promising variety and was passed to the State variety testing as a new variety of fiber flax Tomich 2 for North-West, Central, Volga-Vyatsky and Western-Siberian regions of Russia from 2017.

The results of field and laboratory studies into the cultivation of oats in single crops as well as mixed with legumes in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal during the period of 2014-2016 are presented. The studies were performed on meadow chernozem powdery carbonate soil. Agricultural technology used for fodder crop cultivation was common for this area. Mineral fertilizers were applied in the phase of pre-sowing cultivation. Fodder crops were planted in the optimum recommended period (in the second ten-day period of May). The objects of the research were the following recognized varieties: oats Metis, garden peas Batrak, spring vetch Novosibirskaya. The seeding rate of fodder in single-crop sowings was as follows: oats -5.0, peas - 0.8, spring vetch - 1.5 million of viable seeds/ha; in mixed sowings: oats - 65%, grain legumes - 40% of the total norm. The experiment was conducted in accordance with the common methodological guidelines for field experiments. Fodder crops were assessed in terms of their adaptability to growing conditions and by a set of economically valuable characteristics. Among leguminous plants, spring vetch agrocenoses was characterized by the highest productivity, which exceeded garden peas by 9-20%. The possibility of increasing the productivity and quality of fodder agrocenoses by using legumes in mixed crops was established. In terms of productivity and nutritional value, the green mass of mixed crops surpassed the single-crop cenoses of oats by 1.1-1.3 times, dry matter - by 1.5 times, feed units - by 1.5-1.6 times, digestible protein – by 3.1-3.4 times, gross energy - by 1.7 times. In mixed crops, the best results were achieved by mixings oats with spring vetch, whereby the yield of green mass was 20.9 t/ha, dry matter - 4.78 t/ha, content of digestible protein - 575.9 kg/ha, feed units -3.49 t/ha, gross energy - 51.1 GJ, availability of digestible protein - 165 g per feed unit.

The analysis of nanotechnology development was carried out and the assessment of prospects of use of silver and bismuth nanoparticles in vetere-nary medicine was given. Modern development of animal husbandry is linked with diseases caused by conditionally pathogenic microflora. Treatment of these diseases is based on the use of a wide range of antibacterial substances, both in mono version and in a combined form. When used long-term, these antibacterial preparations cause the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. One way to solve this problem is by applying medication containing nanoparticles obtained by means of nanotechnology. Depending on the method of preparation, such medicinal substances can be both highly effective and highly toxic and have a wide range of previously unexplored properties, which necessitates the study of their toxicological and therapeutic properties. Silver nanoparticles are the most studied ones. They have pronounced antibacterial properties with low toxicity and no negative effect on the indigenous microflora of animals. Properties of nanoparticles also depend on the shape and size of the particles, which determines their scope and limitations. The main field of application of silver nanoparticles is the treatment of diseases caused by conditionally pathogenic microflora (mastitis, gastrointestinal and gynecological diseases). Bismuth preparations are used in the treatment of human ulcers. However, in the treatment of animals, the experience of their application is extremely limited. For treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, the preparations with nanoparticles of bismuth (Enterovis) as well as nanoparticles of silver (Argovit) were used. Enterovis was used in the form of 2.0% aqueous solution in the rate of 1.0-2.0 ml/kg of body weight 2-3 times a day, for 1-2 days, and Argovit was used in the form of 1.0% aqueous solution in the rate of 2.0-3.0 ml/kg of body weight 2-3 times a day, for 2-5 days. The survival rate of animals in the experimental group with the application of Enterovis and Argovit was 91.1 to 100%, with the term of treatment reduced by over 1.5-2 times. In control groups, where antibiotics were used, the survival rate of animals was 63.8-90.5%.

Methodological rationale for the research is the acknowledgement of the fact that the nature of things is located in the complex informational space characterized by diversity, complexity and uncertainty. The paper presents the study into the automated choice of agrotechnologies conducted in Russia. It is shown that deterministic approach on the basis of the regressive models and the account of the average resource changeability prevails in the part of work related to the creation of the software on automated (computerized) choice of agrotechnologies. The task of operational control of agro-approaches during implementation of agrotechnologies is not set in this work: only partial adaption is carried out. Agrotechnologies are implemented in the system “human being -piece of machinery - plant”, whereby “plant” is an independent, actively operating agent, so the whole system is probabilistic (stochastic). This statement gives reason to consider that deterministic approach based on the regressive models does not meet current requirements and does not implement agrotechnological adaptation to the full extent. One of the options of solving this problem is imitational modelling which involves implementation of the dynamic approach. The present capacity level of computers and software removes technical limitations. Requirements to conceptualizing of the subject area, the choice of models for knowledge presentation and the framework of their implementation are placed in the forefront. With the development of digital technologies in agriculture, new opportunities arise for obtaining extra informational resources necessary to be effectively applied in the process of development and implementation of managerial decisions. The significant change in the structure and content of informational service of agriculture and a wider application of intellectual analysis are expected.

Theoretical bases of soil movement were developed whereby a drill furrow was formed by an anchor plowshare with an acute angle of soil penetration with spaced structural elements. When the seeding working tool penetrates the soil at the depth of 0.06-0.08 m and the radius of its tine 0.2 m, the speed of movement of soil particles by the tine increases almost linearly on average by 11%, with the coefficient of soil friction against steel being from 0.3 up to 0.6 and the speed of the sowing unit movement - from 1 to 3 m/s. At the same time the speed of soil movement by the tine point and the tine of the seeding working tool exceeds the speed of the sowing unit by 1.6-1.8 times depending on the values of the coefficient of soil friction against steel. The height of the real soil tillage by the tine of the seeding working tool given the same speed range of the sowing unit increases by almost 4 times. The dependency was revealed between the value of the soil layer shift by the seeding working tool from the sowing zone into the inter-row space and the sowing unit speed. When the speed increases from 1 to 3 m/s, the shift increases by 15-32%. The maximum soil movement is observed with the angle of inclination of the side edge of the seeding working tool by 75°. Absolute values of soil movement were within the range of 0.35-0.45 m, which is sufficient to move the required amount of soil into the inter- row space when doing furrow sowing.

The article presents the analysis of some tragic events from the history of one of the leading Siberian agricultural institutions of higher education related to the consequences of political purges of the Soviet period. It gives the general political context of the period 1920-1950, and provides new information about Professors and staff of Omsk Veterinary Institute that were victims of political repressions as well as about political persecution of students and the following exoneration process. The article presents unknown earlier biographical pages of the Professors of the Veterinary Institute, Bal’zamentov A.D., Boldyrev N.N., Vasil’evskiy A.D., Sokolov D.V., and members of the staff Lyubushin A.A., Marsal’skiy K.L. and others.

The paper presents the results of the study into splitting alleles of gliadincoding loci in F₂ grains obtained from crossing specimens of Triticum durum Desf., v hordeiforme GR 8670 (2n = 4x = 28) and T. dicoccum v farum (2n = 4x = 28). The purpose of conducting interspecific hybridization was to study the alleles inheriting gliadincoding loci regulating synthesis of alleles storage proteins in wheat grains of hybrid generation F₂ (T.durum v.hordeiforme GR 8670 x T.dicoccum v farum). To identify allelic blocks of gliadin components in the grains of F₂ hybrids obtained, the earlier identified variety of the winter durum wheat Langdon was used. Alleles were identified in electrophoregram of gliadin storage proteins, in 96 grains of wheat of the hybrid generation F₂ by polymorphism and frequency of occurrence of these alleles. The work confirmed the linked inheritance of electrophoretic components of gliadincoding loci according to the Mendel type of inheritance (1: 2: 1). The assessment of the reliability of splitting, according to the component composition ofgliadin, was performed by calculating the χ² criterion. New allelic blocks of components in hybrid generation F₂ of durum wheat varieties v.hordeiforme GR 8670 Gli A1^def and Gli B1^dfb as well as in tetraploid wheat varieties T.dicoccum v farum Gli A1^dmh and Gli B1^dfc were identified. The identification of new allelic blocks of components makes it possible to use them as genetic markers in the future for the certification and breeding of new varieties.