An assessment is given of the long-term impact of basic tillage systems of various degrees of intensity on the yield and economic efficiency of production in the cultivation of cereals in grainfallow crop rotation. The study was carried out in 2017–2019 in a long-term stationary experiment on dark grey forest heavy loamy soil in Tyumen region. The experiments were carried out during the seventh rotation of the grain-fallow crop rotation: bare fallow – winter rye – spring wheat – spring wheat – spring barley, spread in time and space. In years with high temperatures and good rainfall, close to the average annual rainfall, resource-saving tillage systems with disk harrowing BDT-2.5 by 10-12 cm and stubble-mulch tillage by 12-14 cm with and without fertilizers led to a decrease in winter rye yield by 0.30-0.98 t/ha. Wheat yield against winter rye and barley was close to the variant with the moldboard tillage. There was a decrease in the yield of wheat sown repeatedly without the use of fertilizers by 0.04-0.40 t/ha. When fertilizers were used, the yield was equal to the control. The moldboard tillage without fertilizers was the most effective, with the net income of 14.92 thousand rubles/ha. Combined and surface soil tillage systems were similar in efficiency to the moldboard tillage (inferior by 4.3-6.6%). The most effective cultivation of cereals with the use of fertilizers was by minimum combined tillage with alternating plowing and disk harrowing, with the net income of 17.74 thousand rubles/ha, which was 13.4% higher compared to moldboard plowing. Differentiated, stubble-mulch and combined tillage brought the net income close to the control. In the remaining options studied, the net income was lower than with the moldboard tillage: without fertilizers – by 1.26-2.44 thousand rubles/ha (8.5-16.3%), with the use of fertilizers – by 1.02-1.78 thousand rubles/ha (6.5-9.0%).

The results of the study of the strip method of sowing soybeans in the southern regions of Amur region are presented. The field study was carried out in 2017–2019 on meadow chernozem soil. The experiment in studying the width of strip for sowing soybean and rapeseed included the following options: 20 cm soybean sowing strips, with rape sown between them (strips of 20, 40 and 60 cm); control – 30 cm soybean sowing strips, with rapeseed sown between them (strips of 30, 60 and 90 cm). The experiment in establishing the frequency of mowing a mulching crop in different phases of soybean development included the following options: 1) once – in the phase of the third triple leaf, 2) once – in the phase of the beginning of branching, 3) twice – in the phase of the third triple leaf and the beginning of branching, 4) twice – in the phase of the third triple leaf and in the phase of pod formation, 5) control – mulch was mowed during soybean harvesting. In the experiments, the area of the registration plot was 54 m², the replication of the experiment was threefold. Sowing of Lazurnaya soybeans was carried out on May 24–25 by a KMFA-3.6 seeder with a seed shoe of 20 cm and 30 cm wide. Changing rape sowing strip from 20 cm to 40 cm and from 30 cm to 60 cm significantly increased the mass of plant residues by 8.6–7.7%. The highest yield of soybeans was achieved when it was sown with a strip of 20 cm and an inter-strip space of 40 cm, the yield increase was 0.82 t/ha. The yield of soybeans increases by 0.19–0.25 t/ha with two-fold mowing of rapeseed. It is effective to mow rapeseed with the interval from the phase of the third triple leaf to the branching of soybean plants. In the technology of cultivation of soybeans with the mow-till method, a basic sowing strip width of 20 cm is recommended for the main crop. Mowing soybean in rapeseed strips using the mow-till method allows to avoid herbicides and ensure the production of environmentally friendly soybean products.

The results of application of the apical meristem method for the selection of regenerant plants free of pathogens are presented. The study was carried out in laboratory and field conditions of Kemerovo region (2016–2019). The objects of research were a new variety of Pamyati Anoshkinoi and promising hybrids 6-14-11, 22103-10. The experiment on the health improvement of potatoes was carried out by the following methods: 1) the use of chemotherapy with the addition of virus inhibitors to the nutrient medium on the samples containing a viral infection in a latent form; 2) study of vegetative plants of different ages healthy from pathogens using apical and axillary buds as explants. Antiviral drugs and their concentrations were identified: virazole 0.01% + chitosan 0.05% + interferon 0.05% (a combination of drugs) and cycloferon 0.05%, completely suppressing viral infection SBK and MBK in the Pamyati Anoshkinoi variety and 22103-10 hybrid, and YBK in 6-14-11 hybrid. The use of these drugs makes it possible to obtain from 10 to 50% of viable meristems free from viral infections. Research into the improvement of vegetative plants of potato variety Pamyati Anoshkinoi and 22103-10 hybrid revealed phases of growth and development with less accumulation of viral and fungal infections – a period of plant regrowth of 15–20 cm and a phase of flowering. Isolation of the apical meristem from the apical and axillary buds of healthy vegetative plants in these phases of development has a positive effect on the survival of the meristems (3050%), and makes it possible to obtain from 30.0 to 43.3% of regenerant plants free from infections, which ensures a reliable yield in vitro material and reduces the period for obtaining healthy lines by 6.9 times.

The results of research (2016-2018) into productivity, adaptability and nutritional value of poaceous crops (forage millet, Sudan grass) and legumes (fodder beans, spring vetch, garden peas) are presented and analyzed. The research was conducted on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil, light loam by granulometric composition, in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory. Agricultural technology used for fodder crop cultivation was common for this area. The objects of the research were legumes (Sibirskiye forage beans, Novosibirskaya spring vetch, Holik garden peas), and poaceous varieties (Bystroe forage millet, Novosibirskaya 84 Sudan grass). The experimental work was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted guidelines for field experiments. All the forage crops under study have formed a fairly high productivity: the yield of green mass was 13.0-18.2 t/ha, dry matter – 2.6-3.2, feed units – 2.2-2.7 t/ha, digestible protein – 220-567 kg/ha, gross energy – 26.5-32.2 GJ/ha, with availability of digestible protein 100-210 g per one feed unit. Among leguminous crops, spring vetch and fodder beans had an advantage with the green mass yield of 13.3-15.0 t/ha, the amount of dry matter of 3.1-3.2, feed units of 2.6-2.7 t/ha, digestible protein 494–567 kg/ha, gross energy 32.0–32.2 GJ/ha, with availability of digestible protein of 190–210 g per one feed unit. Garden peas were inferior to spring vetch and fodder beans in yield by 2.3-13.3%, dry matter – by 9.6-12.5, feed units – by 3.8-7.4, digestible protein – by 4.9-17.1, gross energy – by 8.1–8.7%. Among poaceous crops, agrocenoses of Sudan grass had an advantage in productivity and nutritional value. They formed the yield of green mass 18.2 t/ha, the amount of dry matter 3.1, feed units 2.5 t/ha, digestible protein 300 kg/ha, gross energy 31.3 GJ/ha, with availability of digestible protein of 120 g per one feed unit. Fodder millet was inferior to Sudan grass in all respects by 12.0–26.7%, respectively.

An assessment of the biological activity of seven soil herbicides (based on seven active substances), permitted for use in soybeans, and their five tank mixtures, is given against the common barnyard grass. The study was carried out in the Primorsky Territory in 2018, 2019 in a greenhouse. The scheme of the experiment is presented: control (without herbicide treatment); Command, EC (active agent clomazone, 480 g/l) at a consumption rate of 1.0 l/ha; Zenkor Ultra, KS (active agent metribuzin, 600 g/l) – 1.0 l/ha; Gezagard, KS (active agent prometrine, 500 g/l) – 3.5 l/ha; Proponite, EC (active agent propisochlor, 720 g/l) – 3.0 l/ha; Dual Gold, EC (active agent S-metolachlor, 960 g/l) – 1.6 l/ha; Gardo Gold, KS (active agent S-metolachlor + terbutylazine, 312.5 + 187.5 g/l) – 4.5 l/ha; Pledge, SP (active agent flumioxazine, 500 g/kg) – 0.12 kg/ha; Gezagard + Dual Gold – 2.5 l/ha + 1.5 l/ha; Zenkor Ultra + Dual Gold – 0.5 l/ha + 1.5 l/ha; Command + Dual Gold – 0.7 l/ha + 1.5 l/ha; Proponite + Pledge – 2.0 l/ha + 0.10 kg/ha; Command + Pledge – 0.7 l/ha + 0.10 kg/ha. Barnyard grass was found to be quite sensitive to most of the herbicides and tank mixtures used in the experiments. Good control of barnyard grass was ensured by the use of herbicides Gezagard, Gardo Gold and Command. However, the extremely high biological efficiency (phytotoxicity) in relation to this species in conditions of a greenhouse and optimum herbicidal potential of soil herbicides, was demonstrated by preparations Dual Gold, Proponit and tank mixtures based on them. In this regard, Dual Gold and Proponit can primarily be recommended for soil application (separately and as part of tank mixtures) in soybean crops heavily contaminated with barnyard grass.

The results of studying the resistance of samples of naked oats from the world collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources and varieties of local breeding work to stem rust lesion are presented. The study was carried out in 20172019 in a field experiment in natural conditions in Kemerovo region. The influence of meteorological factors during the vegetation period of naked oat plants on the degree of disease damage was noted: more intense lesion was observed in years with low air temperatures and excessive moisture supply during the period of seedling-ear formation and a large amount of precipitation during the period of filling and maturation of grain. The results of phytopathological analysis of 50 collection samples of naked oats revealed that mid-late samples are more affected by stem rust (74.9% on average for the group). The study (n = 50) revealed the effect of stem rust lesion on the resistance to lodging of crops (r = –0.5751 at R = 0.273), grain size (r = –0.7737 at R = 0.273), and yield of naked oat samples (r = –0.9387 at R = 0.273). Naked oats are highly susceptible to pathogen lesion, 84% of the samples showed very low resistance with a damage index of more than 65.1%. Samples with a low damage degree were identified, characterized by high yield rates, 1000 grain weight, resistance to lodging and smut fungi, and a low level of segregation of hulled grains: Pennline 9010 (USA), Numbat (Australia), Progress (Omsk region), Gehl (Canada), Piband (Leningrad region), g/o-327-1/16, g/o-441-1/17, g/o-444-7/17 (Kemerovo region).

A study of the influence of sires of Holstein breed on their daughters’ milk productivity, development and milk physical and chemical characteristics was conducted. The study was carried out in Krasnoyarsk Territory on red-and-white cows of the first and second lactations – daughters of three sire bulls: Arsenal, Zaryad and Veles. It was established that sires affect their daughters’ daily milk yield, lactose content in milk and milk solids non-fat (MSNF). The difference in traits between individual groups of bulls’ daughters is statistically significant. Analysis of variance showed that the paratypic factor defined as the age of daughters in lactations had a significant effect on daily milk yield. The genetic factor, that is father's heredity, influenced only the content of urea in daughters’ milk. Analysis of the correlation between daily milk yield and physical and chemical properties of milk revealed reliable correlated response of weak strength: in the daughters of the Arsenal bull (the second current lactation) it was between the traits of daily milk yield and protein, in the daughters of the Veles bull (the same lactation) it was between the traits of daily milk yield and MSNF, and daily milk yield and the freezing temperature of milk (FTM). In cows of the first lactation, a strong correlation was found between some physical and chemical properties of milk, such as fat and urea, urea and FTM, and MSNF and FTM. In cows of the second lactation, a strong correlation was found between the following traits of milk: protein and MSNF, protein and dry matter, lactose and MSNF, MSNF and urea, and some others. It is shown that sires of Holstein breed have an impact on certain productivity parameters of their cowdaughters. It is recommended to use the bull Arsenal 8492 more widely to increase the milk yield of their daughters, and Veles 5417 – to improve the quality of milk of their daughters.

The paper presents the results of the research into the condition, number and concentration of beef cattle of Hereford breed, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the East Siberian region. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the methods of systematization, logical and comparative statistical analysis. The research information was based on the official materials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tuva on animal husbandry. Out of the total number of livestock in the region (180 748 heads), Herefords amount to 2869 heads. A comparative analysis of livestock in farms of different forms of ownership and different natural and climatic zones was carried out. The largest population of Herefords (48.94%) is concentrated in the central agricultural and livestock zone with forest-steppe and steppe subzones (by the number of animals Piy-Khem kozhuun ranks first, 19.1%). In the southern zone of dry steppes, there are 27.43% of Herefords (by the number of livestock in the Republic, Tes-Khem kozhuun ranks second, 14.7%). In the western mountain-steppe zone there are 23.63% of Herefords, the largest number is in Barun-Khemchik (7.4%) and in Bai-Taiginsky (7%) kozhuun. Specialized beef cattle have not been brought to the high-mountain Mongun-Taiginsky kozhuun of the western zone or to the eastern high-mountain taiga zone. According to the results of the analysis, taking into account the category of farms, 56.4% of Herefords are kept in peasant farm enterprises, 19.7% – in agricultural production cooperatives, 29.7% – in other agricultural enterprises. All farms practise year-round grazing. Differences in the number of Hereford cattle by districts depend on the capacities of farms and climatic breeding zones. The monitoring which was carried out will allow to determine the prospects for raising purebred cattle of a specialized type, taking into account the terrain and zone of the breeding work in the conditions of year-round grazing in the Republic of Tuva.

The dynamics and features of the manifestation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 were studied on the territory of the Republic of Tuva, where it was first recorded in 2006 in wild migratory waterfowl of the duck family, mainly great crested grebe ducks. In the epizootic process of highly pathogenic avian flu on the territory of the Republic, causal-temporal relationships with the seasonal migration of wild waterfowl from the countries of South-East Asia have been noted. Epizootics of highly pathogenic avian flu were observed in 2006, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016. In 2016, as a result of mutation of the H5N1 virus strain, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian flu of the H5N8 strain was registered. Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian flu H5 and H7 subtypes simultaneously with low pathogenic subtypes of avian flu H3 were noted in 2014, H9 – in 2013 and 2014. In the study of blood serum of birds in the years officially free from avian flu, antibodies to hemagglutinins of the virus of different subtypes were detected in 11.2-50.0% of cases. Despite the absence of bird mortality, this indicates a constant circulation of avian influenza agent in the body of waterfowl. On the territory of the Republic, avian flu has not spread among poultry due to natural-geographical, socio-economic conditions. The development of distant pasture farming does not provide for the maintenance and breeding of poultry in the unfavorable area of the lake UvsNuur; the local population does not have a tradition of hunting for wild fowl, which prevents contact between wild and domestic birds; there are no lakes or pond reservoirs near the only poultry farm in the Republic with a small stock, which prevents wild waterfowl from entering and passing through flying passages.

The paper considers issues of increasing the efficiency of application of measuring expert systems (MES) that solve the problem of reducing power losses of motor and tractor internal combustion engines (ICE) in production conditions due to changes in their technical condition. MES carry out operational control of the energy parameters of the machine and tractor fleet for taking timely repair and maintenance actions. A methodological approach is proposed for creating an automation system for the development of MES, which increases the efficiency of the formation of MES due to the existing expertise in this subject area. The methodological basis of research is a dynamic method for diagnosing ICE. This method uses a test dynamic effect on ICE, which is the most practical for assessing the state of tractor ICE in production conditions, as well as computer modeling of the ICE work processes in order to find informative diagnostic indicators characterizing energy parameters. On the basis of the proposed target function, the software was determined in the form of the model describing a variety of system elements, their features and states, as well as links between them. Information provision was organized, carrying out the functions of collecting, processing and providing information upon request. A method for constructing a logical scheme of the development algorithm MES was formed, which formalizes the process of solving interrelated problems in the synthesis of various structures of hardware and software based on a set of mathematical models. On the example of modeling an ICE unit – a working machine, the effect of varying the input parameters of the model was estimated: torque effects and resistance moments on the diagnostic parameters of the technical state – angular velocities and accelerations. The use of computer modeling of ICE working processes using this methodological approach made it possible to create a digital technology and a measuring system for automated energy monitoring of the tractor fleet of an agricultural enterprise. The computer structural diagrams of ICE and MES models can be used in diagnostic complexes. This will make it possible to increase the accuracy and reliability of determining the state of the internal combustion engine and the mechanisms and working machines aggregated with it, as well as improve the quality of the work they perform.

The ways of increasing efficiency of the harvesting and transport system for grain crops harvesting through the use of reserve platforms for unloading line-haul trains and dump trailers at a grain pre-treatment point are determined. The study was carried out in agricultural enterprises of the forest-steppe zone of Novosibirsk region during three harvesting periods 2017–2019. Specific features of work of the harvesting and transport system were taken into account, such as the remoteness of fields, the turn-around time of vehicles, the number of harvesting machines in the unit, and the crop harvested. The analysis of the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the interaction of vehicles and a grain pre-treatment point as subsystems of the harvesting and transport system shows that the operations of weighing, paperwork and unloading of vehicles are conditioned by the unproductive waste of working shift time, which leads to downtime of expensive highperformance harvesting machines. The dependence analysis of downtime ratio of vehicles at unloading on the throughput of the grain pre-treatment point shows that idle time of vehicles can reach up to 38% of the working shift time, according to estimated data, and up to 45%, according to experimental data. It is established that in the operation of a grain pretreatment point as a subsystem of a complex harvesting and transport system, there are time reserves for a positive effect on the system performance by searching for alternative options to service vehicles. Experimental studies of grain harvesting have shown that with a grain flow exceeding productivity of a grain pre-treatment point, it is necessary to organize reserve platforms at threshing sites to reduce the time for unloading vehicles. The use of reserve platforms can reduce the downtime of high-performance harvesting machines by 5-9%.

The study was carried out (2020) to reduce the effect of electromagnetic interference generated by a device for the formation of temperature effects based on Peltier element on a plant biopotential meter. Four variants of equipment grounding circuits are considered in the absence of a separate grounding bus for power equipment; graphs of biopotential signals are given. The type of interference that the device for the formation of temperature effects induces on the biopotential measurement channel is shown. The control unit case for the temperature-controlled stage based on Peltier element and the power cable shield for connecting Peltier element to the control unit must be grounded at a separate point from the biopotential meter. Biopotential meter electrodes should be grounded as far as possible from the control unit case and at a separate point from the grounding of the plate of the temperature-controlled stage. Recommendations are given for the grounding of high impedance input measuring devices and the power equipment emitting powerful inductive interference and causing interference in the grounding bus located in the same laboratory room, in the absence of separate grounding for power equipment. To reduce interference to an acceptable level, in addition to the selection of the grounding point, filtering is required. If the grounding point is selected incorrectly, a signal with a high level of interference is present at the filter output. The application of the proposed recommendations for grounding a device for the formation of a temperature effect based on Peltier element and a biopotential meter makes it possible to assess the response of a plant placed on the temperature-controlled stage to a temperature effect and not complicate programmed filtering of the signal received by the biopotential meter.