The concept of a platform approach for creating an intelligent digital farming system using modern information technologies is presented. The possible architecture of the platform, consisting of five blocks, is described, which allows collecting, storing and analyzing data on key parameters of the natural environment and crops, as well as exchanging information and knowledge in order to increase productivity and efficiency of solutions in agriculture. The expediency of synergetic use of sensor networks of the Internet of Things, remote sensing, machine learning and big data analytics to create predictive models, recommendations and decision support systems is shown. The main features and their parameters necessary for the development of predictive crop yield models are described, as well as the main machine learning methods used for this purpose. An algorithm for developing recommendations for growing crops using machine learning-based modeling is described, which consists of creating a dataset, preprocessing the data, training the model, and evaluating the results. The structure of the decision support system is presented, consisting of four main components: database, models and analytical tools, architecture and network, user interface. The main approaches and tools for developing simulation models are described. The platform approach is implemented using two subtypes of platforms: data storage and management and data analysis. For data storage, the Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS), etc., as well as MySQL, PostgreSQL databases, etc. are used. The data analysis platforms Apache Kafka, Apache Flink, Apache Storm, etc. are used for data analysis. The use of these platforms allows for real-time data analysis and facilitates their exchange between heterogeneous devices and systems, as well as provides integration with the Internet of Things and remote sensing.

The generalization of the mathematical model of water vapor sorption by soils of an agricultural landscape in the case of a non-stationary linear source- drainage present in the soil system is considered. The problem of studying the dynamics of the sorption process, the volumetric soil moisture of an agricultural landscape, is formalized by a problem with an initial condition for the inhomogeneous Riccati equation with a linear right-hand side, the integration of which is not a trivial task. In contrast to the classical model of M. Griesemer for the sorption of water vapor by soils and the sorption model with a stationary source previously considered by the authors, the introduction of a non-stationary source- drainage function into the model significantly complicated the task of integrating the model equation and studying the sorption model, required the use of methods from the analytical theory of differential equations, but increased the diversity of flow regimes of the modeled process and expanded the possibilities for controlling this process. Using methods of the analytical theory of differential equations, a solution to a model problem was found, with the help of which an assessment was made of the dynamics of the main indicator of the sorption process – the volumetric soil moisture. As a result of the mathematical analysis of the dynamics of the sorption process, it was established that the entire variety of theoretically possible flow regimes of the simulated sorption process is formed depending on the values of two main adjustable parameters of the model - the coefficient of the ratio of the constant initial humidity to the constant equilibrium humidity and the angular coefficient of the linear source-drainage function. By varying these parameters, it becomes possible to control the process being studied: to simulate the sorption process under conditions of intensive soil moisture, under conditions of critical soil drying, under steady-state conditions, etc. The research results can be applied to further studies of moisture dynamics in the profile of texture-differentiated reclaimed soils.

The article presents the results of the studies aimed at assessing the effect of Bradyrhizobium elkanii (Kuykendall et al., 1992) strains from the collection of the Federal Research Center "All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean" on the seeds of soybeans, wheat, barley, lupine and vigna. The main purpose of the work was to identify the most promising pure cultures of rhizobia for their further use in the production of biopreparations. The study used strains Vu-4, Vu-5, Vu-6, Vu-9, Vu-10, Vu-11, Vu-25, Vr-1, FZ-28, isolated from root nodules of Vigna unguiculata, V. radiate and V. angularis grown on the meadow chernozem-like soil (Amur region, Tambov municipal district, Sadovoe village). During the experiments, it was found that the studied rhizobium strains signifi-cantly contribute to improving seed germination and reducing the level of epiphytic microflora. The germination energy of bacterized soybean seeds increased by an average of 15%, and the length of the seedlings increased by 120% compared with the control. Similar results were obtained for wheat (32 and 70%, respectively) and lupine (20 and 112%). Strains Md-0 and Vu-25 contributed to an increase in the rate of germination of barley seeds by 4 and 5 times, respectively, relative to the control. When sowing the seeds on a "lawn" of pure cultures of B. elkanii, the microflora on the seeds either did not germinate or appeared as single colonies. Whereas in control Petri dishes (without inoculation) on the 7th day of growth, high infection of non-sterile seeds with epiphytic microflora was observed. The obtained results confirm the potential of using rhizobia in agronomy to increase the productivity of agricultural crops and improve the phytosanitary condition of crops.

The productivity of single-species perennial grasses under different cover crops has been studied in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Ob region. Barley and a grain mixture of five components were used as cover crops: oats, barley, wheat, peas, vetch. The rate of sowing of barley is 180 kg/ha, grain mixtures – 250 kg/ha. Before sowing, the seeds were mixed in the following proportions: oats –100 kg, barley – 70, wheat – 50, peas – 15, vetch – 15 kg. After harvesting, the grain mixture, like barley, was used for harvesting grain silage. The density of the grain mixture stem, as well as plant height and productivity were higher compared to barley. Consequently, the grain mixture had a more depressing effect on perennial grasses in the next 2 years. Later on, the difference in yield between perennial grasses under different cover crops was almost leveled. The yield of perennial grasses under barley was generally higher than under the grain mixture. On average, according to experiment No. 1, alfalfa had the highest yield under barley (4.91 t/ha abs. dry matter), the smallest was shown by clover (2.66 t/ha). Under the grain mix, the yields of alfalfa and clover were 4.19 and 2.16 t/ha abs. dry matter, respectively. Thus, the cereal-bean grain mixture had a depressing effect on the growth and development of perennial grasses, but not decisive. The difference in yields of perennial grasses in subsequent years under different cover crops was insignificant. Therefore, sowing a grain mixture as a cover crop for perennial grasses is preferable, since its yield in the first year of sowing turned out to be significantly higher than the yield of barley. Based on the study of the influence of spring and summer sowing periods on the productivity of the cover crop (barley) and perennial grasses in subsequent years (experiment No. 2), it should be argued that the yield of the cover crop of the spring sowing pe riod is higher compared to summer sowing. This is due to the shorter period of development of the cover crop before harvesting compared to sowing in spring. The average productivity of perennial grasses over the following years was slightly higher during the summer sowing period.

The article presents the results of long-term observations in the agrocenosis of broad beans (Vicia faba L.) on leached chernozems in the climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia in order to determine the frequency and intensity of plant diseases. According to a large number of studies by both domestic and foreign experts, this crop is quite actively affected by a whole range of diseases, which causes significant damage to the harvest and quality of agricultural products. During the study, a number of diseases (common mosaic, fusariosis, spotting of various etiologies, downy mildew, etc.) were identified in broad bean crops, the intensity of development of which depended on the weather conditions of the growing season and the environmental requirements of the pathogens. It was found that in years with sufficient moisture levels, fusariosis and downy mildew predominated. The correlation coefficient between the prevalence of fusariosis wilt and HTC was 0.9 at p < 0.05. The level of development of downy mildew exceeded the harmfulness threshold (more than 40%), which was also due to the level of moisture during the growing season. It was shown that dry conditions, favorable for the growth of activity of aphids, which are carriers of common mosaic, contributed to the development of this disease (up to 53%) and an increase in the rate of infection growth. It was found that the degree of development of various types of spotting caused by a complex of pathogens (species of the genera Alternaria, Stemphylium, Cercospora) was high at all stages (from emergence to bean ripening) and in all years of the study. (development index – up to 61.6%, prevalence – 100.0%). This led to infection of seeds of the new crop up to 40% and to a decrease in their sowing qualities, which indicates the need for protective measures against these pathogens, especially in seed crops.

The research was conducted in the Primorsky Territory at the experimental base of the Far Eastern Research Institute of Plant Protection in 2022–2024. The sensitivity of 15 weed species to the Kelvin Plus herbicide was studied in a vegetation house. Visual observations of their development after the treatments were carried out. Symptoms of herbicide action and the time of their manifestation were noted. It was found that the following are highly sensitive to the herbicide: Setaria glauca, Echinochloa crusgalli, Eriochloa vilosa, Amarаnthus retroflеxus, Elsholtzia cristata, Commelina communis, Hibiscus trionum, Siegesbeckia pubescens, and Sonchus arvensis. Sensitive plants include Polygonum persicaria, Chenopodium album, Acalypha australis, Cirsium setosum and Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Abutilon theophrasti was resistant to the drug's action. An assessment was made of the biological and economic efficiency of the herbicide Kelvin Plus at a consumption rate of 0.4 kg/ha when applied in the 5–6 and 7–8 leaf phases of corn. From the moment of application until harvest, regardless of the timing of treatment, the herbicide almost completely destroyed perennial dicotyledons, annual cereals and dicotyledons, including Ambrosia artemisiifolia, which dominated the crops in terms of growing aboveground mass. The high efficiency of applying the Kelvin Plus herbicide in the 5–6th leaf phase of the crop allowed increasing the yield by an average of 43.9 c/ha, with the yield in the control being 9.0 c/ha. A significantly smaller yield was preserved with late herbicide application – 24.5 c/ha. The interval between treatments was up to 20 days. During this period, weeds seriously competed with the crop, which impacted the resulting grain yield.

The article presents the results of research on testing three sunflower cultivation technologies (Express, Clearfield and classical), carried out in the fields of the OAO "Nadezhda" in the Bagansky district of the Novosibirsk region in 2021–2022. The indicators of biological characteristics and yield of three sunflower hybrids are given, taking into account the cultivation technology, forecrop and the pre-sowing background. It was found that the duration of the sunflower growing season varied signifi-cantly among different hybrids and depended on the weather conditions. The longest growing season was observed in the Sanmarin 444 hybrid, cultivated using the classical technology, which amounted to 180 ± 2 days in 2021 and 151 ± 2 days in the dry 2022. The shortest growing season (162 ± 2 and 140 ± 2 days, respectively) was noted in the Svetlana KLP hybrid, grown using the Clearfield technology. It was shown that in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia, the main limiting factor for obtaining high sunflower yields is the lack of precipitation. In 2021, characterized by more favorable conditions for sunflower growth (hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) = 0.8), the yield of hybrids ranged from 1.92 to 2.28 t/ha without significant differences depending on the technology and pre-sowing background. In the dry conditions of 2022 (HTC = 0.3), the sunflower yield was significantly lower and ranged from 0.42 to 1.3 t/ha for different hybrids in accordance with their cultivation technologies. The oil content of seeds of the studied sunflower hybrids was 50–53%. The highest efficiency of herbicide treatments was achieved on sunflower crops grown using the Clearfield technology. Seed treatment with fungicides prevented the development of crop diseases in the field, and the use of an insecticide during the mass reproduction of the meadow moth in 2021 led to a complete destruction of the pest on sunflower.

Progesterone is a regulator of the reproductive function and stimulates the development of glandular tissue of the mammary gland and milk secretion. Most of its effects are mediated by nuclear receptors, which are transcription factors. There is a limited amount of data on the frequency of distribution of genotypes and alleles of the progesterone receptor gene (PGR) and their association with morphofunctional parameters of the mammary gland in cattle, and all of them concern transboundary breeds.

The purpose of the scientific work is to study the morphofunctional parameters of the mammary gland of the Kostroma and Holstein cows of different genotypes for the PGR gene in the conditions of breeding farms of the Kostroma region. The studies were carried out in 2024–2025 on breeding first-calf cows of the Kostroma (n = 81) and Holstein (n = 26) breeds. The relationship between the genotype of the PGR gene and the morphofunctional parameters of the mammary gland was determined. It was revealed that in the studied samples of cows of the Kostroma and Holstein breeds, the most common genotype is AA of the PGR gene (distribution frequency 0.568 and 0.462, respectively). However, carriers of the rare PGRGG genotype had optimal morphological parameters for machine and robotic milking and a bath-shaped mammary gland. Also, based on results of the first lactation, it was found that in the sample of the Kostroma breed, the milk yield of carriers of the PGRGG genotype was 9.26% and 14.29% higher than that of the carriers of the PGRАА and PGRАG genotypes (p ≤ 0.5), respectively. Based on the data of the study, it was determined that carriers of the PGRGG genotype have morphofunctional parameters of the mammary gland that are preferable for machine and robotic milking, therefore it is necessary to continue research in this area on a larger number of animals and within other cattle populations.

The method for disposal of freshly obtained by-products of animal husbandry consists of separating fresh manure and/or droppings into liquid and solid fractions by preliminary dilution with water, followed by homogenization and separation. The liquid fraction was used as a liquid bioorganic fertilizer. The solid fraction was used as a substrate for breeding earthworms of the family Lumbricidae with subsequent production of organic fertilizer vermicompost and earthworm biomass. Initially, the method is aimed at reducing the toxicity of freshly obtained animal by-products by diluting them with water in the ratio from 1:1.5 to 1:2.5 m³ and homogenizing them to a homogeneous state. As a result, the ha zard class is reduced to V (virtually no harm to the environment). At the same time, the ballast foreign mechanical inclusions with high (stones, rubble, metal, etc.) and low (twine, ropes, wood chips, sticks, etc.) specific mass are cleared, the former of which settle to the bottom of the tank, and the latter float to the surface, after which they are removed mechanically. The homogenized substance is then fed into a press, where squeezing and separation of the liquid fraction from the solid fraction takes place, which are collected in a separate container. The solid fraction is used as a substrate for vermicompost production by earthworms of the family Lumbricidae. The agrochemical composition of liquid and solid fractions met the GOST requirements for organic and mineral fertilizers. Toxicological characteristics of the liquid fraction indicated that it was harmless to biological objects of the environment.

The production of sheep products with minimal expenditure of material and labor resources is a pressing issue that requires a solution using various technological methods. The objective of the study was to develop an improved technology for keeping lambs during the preweaning period. Lambs were reared from birth to weaning using two technologies: traditional and improved, where a section for 100 ewes (10 sakmans) was equipped next to the winter shelter, separated from the common sheepfold shed by a beam and cellophane film. During lambing, the temperature in the winter shelter was maintained at 15–17 ºС using heaters, while in the equipped section it was 7–9 ºС, and indoors it fluctuated within 4–7 ºС. As a result of equipping an additional section during the transition period from an individual winter shelter to sakman groups, and then after 10–15 days to a common sheepfold shed, it was possible to reduce mortality by almost a half. By weaning, the survival rate of lambs using the improved technology was 91.5%, while using the traditional technology it was 87.2%. The increase in the survival rate of lambs to weaning (almost 5 lambs per 100 ewes) is a promising reserve for lamb production (an average of 45.0–47.5 kg of meat), which, given the current prices for mutton in the Trans-Volga region, means additional revenue of 27–30 thousand rubles. Consequently, improving the conditions for keeping ewes with lambs by equipping an additional section for adaptation to group housing, with a lower than in a winter shelter and higher than in a common sheepfold shed air temperature, as well as reducing drafts, contributes to an increase in the yield of lambs to weaning by 4.9% and an increase in their live weight due to a decrease in stress during the transition period by 5.3%, which ensures additional production and profit.

The article presents the results of a study devoted to the operational and technological evaluation of the work of the trailed soil ripper PRP-5,6 "Titan" (manufacturer – Omsk Experimental Plant). The change in soil hardness depending on its moisture content and tillage depth was studied. The agrotechnical parameters of the technological process were determined, and the energy assessment of the K-744R4 tractor operation in combination with the PRP-5,6 ripper was given. The study took place in the fields of a peasant farm located in the Pavlograd district of the Omsk region. The data obtained show that in an undisturbed fallow field the greatest soil moisture is retained in the upper sod layer, which retains moisture and does not allow it to pass into the lower layers. At a depth of 20 cm, the moisture content of fallow soil is 8% lower than that of the cultivated soil. At a depth of 40 cm, the moisture levels level out. The maximum hardness of fallow lands is observed at a depth of 30 cm. In general, the change in soil hardness depending on the depth of cultivation is represented by a se cond-degree polynomial equation. It has been established that, in terms of traction and power performance, the K-744R4 tractor in combination with the PRP-5,6 ripper ensures stable performance of the technological process during autumn soil cultivation at a working depth of 22 cm at a speed of up to 9.05 km/h, and at a working depth of 31 cm at a speed of up to 5.54 km/h. The retention of stubble on the field surface reaches 61–66%. The unit's traction resistance increased by 12% at a working depth of 21 cm with a speed increase from 5.60 to 9.05 km/h. At a working depth of 31 cm with a speed increase from 3.90 to 5.54 km/h, it increased by 11%. The unit's hourly productivity at a working depth of 21 cm and a speed of 9.05 km/h was 5.06 ha/h, and at a working depth of 31 cm and a speed of 5.54 km/h, it was 3.10 ha/h. Specific fuel consumption was 36.1 kg/ha.

The global concept of “One Health” has been discussed, based on the interdependence of human and animal health and the connection with the health of the ecosystems in which they exist. Risks of a universal nature are becoming a total phenomenon of epidemiology/epizootology and fundamentally affecting all living things on earth. The main driving force behind the emergence and spread of diseases among animals and humans are processes of a social rather than biological nature. Threats are increasing with the globalization of trade, global warming, changes in human social behavior standards, and the increasing frequency of interstate conflicts, including military ones. The concept, adopted in the early 2000s by OIE/FAO/WHO/UNEP in synergistic collaboration with more than 70 other international organizations that play a key role in the interaction between humans, animals and ecosystems, is being successfully implemented in many countries of the world with different socio-economic levels with the support of governments and international development banks. The veterinary industry occupies a key position in the "One Health" program. The concept provides an opportunity to significantly increase the capabilities of veterinary medicine on a national and international scale, the professional influence in meeting the modern needs of society and ultimately to fulfill its greatest professional calling in history. The vector of promising development and fundamental transformation of veterinary science across the full scope of its social, economic, and humanitarian significance – the need to pay greater attention to interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaboration and research – can ensure total progress from animal health and trivial veterinary examination to "One Health" as a sphere that truly "protects humanity."