Research results on crop classification and mapping using machine learning (ML) with remotely sensed data are presented. Studies were conducted in 2022, 2023 on the land use of the farms located in the Novosibirsk region. Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8-9 images were used. The features for training the ML models were six spectral bands and five vegetation indices for different dates of the growing seasons. XGBoost, KNN, RF and SVM supervised learning ML algorithms and deep-FNN neural network were applied. The XGBoost, KNN and RF models showed high classification accuracies of 93–97% at 30 m/pixel resolution and 80-90% at 90 m/pixel resolution. The deep-FNN model showed the lowest results with an accuracy of 78 to 92% at 30 m/pixel resolution. The overall 8–12% reduction in accuracy at 90 m/pixel resolution compared to 30 m/pixel resolution emphasizes the importance of scale for effective crop recognition. Also, training the models on the combined Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8-9 satellite data at 30 m/pixel resolution yielded higher values of the F1-score metric than on the data separately for each of these satellites. Various evaluation metrics (F1-score and ROC-AUCscore) confirmed that the XGBoost model was the best performing and most accurate. The best overall classification was achieved for corn, barley, annual and perennial grasses, and fallow, with some decrease in accuracy for oats, peas, vetch and soft winter wheat. The lowest accuracy was observed in the classification of potatoes, spring rape, soft spring wheat and fallow. The results of the research emphasize the importance of ML model selection and satellite imagery resolution scale for successful crop classification.

High seed viability is one of the most important conditions for obtaining high yields of soybeans. At the same time, vigor is a significant factor of seed viability; it influences yield, allows predicting the quality of yield, thereby reducing the cost of mineral fertilizers and biostimulant preparations. The article presents the results of the tests of four varieties of soybean breeding of the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture: a new promising variety VNIIOZ 4, as well as the released varieties VNIIOZ 86, VNIIOZ 31 and Volgogradka 2. The purpose of the study was to comparatively assess the viability of seeds of the promising and released soybean varieties on the basis of studying the indicators of seed vigor (the ratio of the number of germinated sprouts to the number of sown germinated seeds; the mass of the aboveground and root parts of plants in terms of 100 sprouts). Experimental design and subsequent recording of the results were carried out in laboratory conditions according to the approved methodology for determining the seed vigor. It was found that during the test years (2021– 2023) the seeds of the variety VNIIOZ 4 had the highest growth vigor. Among the studied varieties, this variety recorded the highest value of green mass and root mass of the plants (109.6 and 47.9 g, respectively). The new variety showed maximum average percentage of normal shoots emerged on the surface (92.7%), along with minimum percentage of ungerminated seeds (1.3%) and shoots showing signs of disease (0.7%). The absence of ungerminated seeds was also observed in 2022 and 2023.

Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc. is the ancestor of cultivated soybean and has a wider genetic variability in many economically valuable traits, including protein content. Currently, the most popular tool of genetic analysis is considered to be molecular markers, which are actively used in the study of genetic diversity. The objectives of the study are differentiation of wild soybean forms from the collection of the Federal Research Center "All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean", as well as compilation of molecular-genetic formulas necessary for further breeding work on the basis of SSR-analysis. The object of the study were 47 forms of wild soybean from different districts of the Amur region and 4 forms from the nearest habitats (Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories, China). A standard PCR analysis was performed on the finished reaction mixture using 20 pairs of SSR primers. For the first time, based on the assessment of the degree of polymorphism of wild soybean DNA by microsatellites, genetic formulas of the studied collection genotypes were compiled, a dendrogram was constructed to identify their genetic diversity and the degree of genetic kinship was established. The maximum number (9 each) of unique alleles was detected among the G. soja forms of the Blagoveshchensk region (KBl-91) and Khabarovsk region (Hub-1). The samples from the Arkharinsky district were characterized by insignificant genetic diversity, in which no more than three unique alleles for each form were noted. As it is recommended to use forms of G. soja with the greatest variety of unique alleles in breeding programs, the marker system tested in the work can be used for the genetic differentiation of G. soja.

The results of the study of the influence of pre-sowing application of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of Crambe Abyssinica in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region are presented. The research was conducted in 2021– 2023 in the Penza region. The growing season of crambe in 2021 was characterized by insufficient moisture (HTC 0.80). In 2022, the conditions were characterized by abundant moisture (HTC 1.29). The 2023 conditions were most favorable for crambe development (HTC 1.02). It is shown that improvement of nutrition level contributes to the increase of field germination by 2.8–9.2%, plant viability to harvesting by 1.4–7.1%. The maximum (91.6%) indicator of sprouting completeness was obtained with the combination of N30P30K30. The greatest increase in plant viability was observed in the variants with application of N30P30K30 (98.6%) and N30P60K60 (97.2%), which is 7.1 and 5.7% higher than the control, respectively. The number of fruits on one plant depending on the fertilizer doses varied from 852.6 to 995.4 with 819.4 in the control variant. The highest (5.05 g) seed weight per plant was observed on the background of N30P60K60. The variants using N30P30K30 and N30P60K30 produced the largest seeds with 1000 seed weight of 8.81 and 8.91 g. The smallest seeds were observed in the variants when N30P30K60 (7.73 g) and N60P30K60 (7.74 g) were applied. Pre-sowing fertilizer application increased the crop yield to 1.95–2.13 t/ha, the increment was 0.03–0.21 t/ha. Maximum yield was obtained in the variants with application of N30P60K30 and N30P30K30 – 2.13 and 2.10 t/ha, respectively. The highest oil content of the seeds was observed on the background with application of N30P60K60 (37.6%) and N30P30K30 (36.5%). In the variants with the application of N60 in various combinations oil content of the seeds decreased by 0.2–2.7% in relation to the background N30. Application of mineral fertilizers reduced the content of erucic acid to 60.3–60.9%. The exception was the variant N30P60K60, where the percentage of erucic acid was the maximum 62.5%.

As a result of five-year research (2019–2023), 12 breeding valuable traits of winter rye were analyzed. The object of the study was 11 released and promising winter rye varieties of the FARC NorthEast selection. The assessment of hydrothermal conditions was carried out, during the study period 3 years with favorable conditions of spring-summer vegetation (2019–2021) and 2 years with excessive moisture (2022, 2023) were identified. The influence of agrometeorological factors of separate months of spring-summer vegetation on the formation of winter rye yield was considered using correlation analysis. A high negative dependence of yield on July temperature regime: average monthly air temperature and the sum of effective temperatures (>5 ℃) (r = –0.94) was revealed. The amount of precipitation made a significant negative contribution to the formation of yields in the phases of spring tillering and booting (April–May) (r = –0.93 and –0.89, respectively). The variability of the studied characteristics under different weather and climatic conditions was assessed. Highly stable characteristics included grain unit (CV = 1%) and spikelet productivity indices: length, number of spikelets, grains, spikelet density (CV = 3–4%). The highest variability was observed in the number of spikelets (CV = 43%). The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to analyze the results. Different factor loadings of yield-forming indicators in contrasting years were observed. Grain coarseness in years with excessive moisture had a greater influence on yield dispersion than in the years with optimal conditions. It was revealed that the yield was more dependent on the number of spikelets, ear grain content, grain weight per spikelet, plant height and lodging resistance. The factor loadings of the above-mentioned indices determined most of the yield dispersion: 45.09% in a favorable year and 48.25%, hence, breeding work on these characteristics will be more effective.

The results on the determination of the homogeneity of the mixture obtained by a physical method using microtracers (colored iron particles) are presented. Microtracers are external indicators that are used to determine the mixing accuracy and contamination level in premixes and compound feeds. They are iron particles of the same size, coated with non-toxic, food-grade paint. Microtracers are stable to production conditions (humidity, temperature, pressure) and do not adversely affect the organoleptic properties and nutritional value of the feed. The purpose of the work was to assess the level of homogeneity of feed mixtures for aquaculture facilities using ferromagnetic microtracers. Experimental studies were carried out on the technological mixing line of an industrial feed mill in the Astrakhan region. The granulated systems used were feed mixtures with different mass ratios of individual components differing in diameter and bulk density. A series of tests to develop high-quality mixing parameters and evaluate the technical characteristics of the mixer on the feed production line for mixing accuracy of 1:100000 were conducted. Microtracers F – red (the number of particles per 1 gram was 34,000) were added through the installation of manual input of micro components directly into the hopper above the mixer during the production of trout feed 41/26 (VE) 6 mm. The batch size was 800 kg. Using microtracers, the uniformity in the feed mixture and the finished feed was determined. It was found that in test 1 the Gauss uniformity criterion is at least 92% and no more than 95% (mixing time 60 seconds), in test 2 and 3 above 95% (mixing time 90 and 120 seconds). The testing has proved that the homogeneity values of the feed mixture and the extruded compound feed are in the same range. The selection site has no effect on homogeneity.

The species composition of weeds in corn crops cultivated in different regions of the Russian Federation is not identical. This fact significantly increases the role of regional phytosanitary monitoring of crops, which leads to the development of a forecast for making decisions on the choice of specific agrotechnical and chemical measures to combat weeds. The species composition of weed plants in corn crops in the Belgorod region was identified and a multi-year forecast of their growth in these agrophytocenoses was developed. The data of phytosanitary monitoring of corn crops in the Belgorod region in 2020, 2021 were used as the material for the study. The possibility of creating a regional forecast is due to the scale of field research (40 fields were surveyed in different areas of the Belgorod region). The reliability of the results is determined by the use of the field examination method tested in long-term practice. The scientific justification of the stability of the growth of the identified species of weeds in the Belgorod region ensures the development of a regional forecast for a long-time perspective. Thirty-two species of weed plants were recorded, among which annual species predominate (65.63%). The phytosanitary role of each species was revealed by determining the activity of each in the cenoflor of agrophytocenoses. A group of highly active weed species include barnyard millet, lamb's-quarters, yellow foxtail, black nightshade, sow thistles, wild buckwheat, redroot. Rather active species include: corn bindweed, milk thistle, black bindweed. The group of little active includes 13 species: sagebrush, common cocklebur, rocket cress, hedge-nettle betony, tansy mustard, bird vetch, mallow, forking larkspur, sumpfweed, prickly lettuce, common arache, water pepper, wild chamomile. Nine inactive species were identified and occasionally recorded in corn crops. The distribution of species composition by groups of different activity status will be preserved in a long time period, provided that the state of hydrothermal conditions is unchanged, the structure of sown areas is preserved, and the peculiarities of regional technology of maize cultivation and the system of protective measures are observed.

In 2020 and 2021, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of the dressing agent Dividend Extreme, SC and its composition with Novochizol on seed infestation and phytosanitary situation in the crops of spring soft wheat Novosibirskaya 31 cultivated on no-till leached chernozem. The experiment included 3 seed treatment options: 1) control (without treatment); 2) commercial fungicide Dividend Extreme, SC (Difenoconazole, 92 g/l + Mefenoxam, 23 g/l); 3) composition with a 13.4-fold reduced amount of active ingredients Dividend, Extreme, SC and Novochizol (Difenoconazole, 6.88 g/l + Mefenoxam, 1.71 g/l + Novochizol, 2.5% + succinic acid, 1.25%; the formulation was proposed by the N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS). High biological efficiency (93.3 and 100%) of seed treatment with Dividend Extreme, SC (consumption 0.5–0.6 l/t) against Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker (syn. Helminthosporium sativum Pam., King et Bakke; Helminthosporium sorokinianum Sacc.) was established. The reduced application rate weakened the protection effect by half. The biological efficiency of the composition with Novochizol was inferior to the commercial seed treatment with both reduced and increased application rates. Both preparations reduced the number of B. sorokiniana spores in the soil, but at the vegetative stage of plant development, their lower density was noted when treating seeds with Dividend Extreme, SC. In the milk ripeness phase, lower development of common root rot was recorded in both experimental variants with a predominance of efficiency from treatment with a commercial fungicide. It was found that protection of seeds with the fungicide composition Novochizol can indirectly (through growth stimulation of the host plant) affect the infestation of the leaves with both septoriose and brown rust, increasing the development of these diseases by 2.1 and 2.5 times.

One of the most disease-prone crops is tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), which creates the need to identify the pathogens causing these diseases as accurately and completely as possible. One of the methods allowing to determine pathogens from scratch or their complex is sequencing of highly conserved DNA locus. The purpose of the work was to determine the species composition of pathogenic fungi and bacteria by this method. The study was conducted in 2023, in the Bakhchisaray district. The material was selected from tomato plants of Pink Heart variety (China) grown under protected soil conditions. During visual inspection, two types of lesions were detected on the plants, from which 15 isolates of bacteria and fungi were isolated into pure culture on LB medium, pea-carrot agar and potato-dextrose agar. From the grown cultures, samples with similar features were selected for isolation of total DNA, on which PCR with universal fungal and bacterial primers was performed. The amplicons obtained were sequenced. Nucleotide sequences homologous to Enterobacter ludwigii, E. kobei, E. cloaca and Pseudomonas veronii in bacteria were obtained from the first lesion type. The identity of the obtained homologues was 100% at 100% coverage. In fungi from the same type of lesions, the nucleotide sequences were homologous to Botrytis cinerea and the genus Penicillium, their homologues were, as in bacteria, 100% with 100% coverage. Sequences homologous to Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium chrysogenum were obtained from the second lesion type. The identity of the homologues was 100% with 100% coverage.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of complex therapeutic antiparasitic means of group application of AFG AA on the seasonal development of the main infestations in sheep of the Altai Mountains. Coprological studies have established that the infestation of sheep with helminths of the suborder Strongylata during the year amounted to 65.0–100.0%, moniezia – 55.0, pulmonary strongylates – 36.0, whipworms and dicrocelia – 35.0% each. The average annual intensity of invasion by gastrointestinal strongylates reached 77.4%, whipworms 26.2, protostrongylus 25.4, moniezia12.4, and dicrocelia 8.4%. Nematodes accounted for 84.2% of the helminth complex, trematodes – 8.8, cestodes – 7.0 %. Gastrointestinal strongylates were completely dominant (47.9%), whipworms (21.1%) and pulmonary strongylates (15.2%) were represented in significant numbers. It was found that antiparasitic grain-forage granules AFG AA are effective against all major groups of sheep helminths. In whip-worm infection and dicroceliosis, the efficiency was 100.0%, gastrointestinal strongylatosis – 98.3, pulmonary strongylatosis – 93.0, monieziasis – 91.0%. It was shown that in sheep farms in the region, under favorable epizootic conditions for main helminthiases, a scheme of double (spring and autumn) use of complex therapeutic agents with a wide parasitocidal spectrum of action can be implemented. The use of drugs made it possible to keep the number of parasites and the infection of animals by them at a relatively low level. Animals we kept during winter stall-feeding period with fairly low indicators of extensiveness (IE = 10,0–20,0%) and intensity (nidus index = 14.7–18.9 eggs/larvae per gram of feces) of infection.

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the content and variability of hematological status indicators in cows of different breeds bred in Western Siberia. Data on the assessment of differences in the absolute number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, hemoglobin concentration, relative number of leukocyte cells, stress and adaptation indices between animals of Holstein, Black-and-White, Red Steppe breeds are demonstrated. The peripheral blood of healthy cows of the 2nd lactation was examined. Hematological parameters were measured using the PCT 90Vet automatic hematology analyzer. The leukocyte formula was calculated in blood smears fixed in 950 ethanol and stained according to Romanovsky. Adaptation and stress indices were calculated. Robust statistical estimation and descriptive statistics methods were used. The Kruskal-Wallis criterion was used to compare the groups. Post hoc comparisons were carried out using the Dunn’s method. In most cases, the data distribution was different from normal. The average values of the estimated hemogram parameters in all cows varied within the physiological norm generally accepted for cattle. Holstein cows were characterized by the highest adaptive potential: the number of leukocytes was 12.1 × 109 /l, the relative number ofsegmented neutrophils was 37.5%, the adaptation index was 3.17, the stress index was 0.29. Interbreed differences were revealed in all evaluated indicators with the exception of band neutrophils (p < 0.05). The greatest influence of the breed factor has been established for eosinophils, erythrocytes and platelets; the lowest for monocytes. The value of n2 for these indicators was 0.43; 0.29; 0.29; 0.44, respectively. The data obtained reflect the differentiated contribution of genetic factors to different hematological parameters.

The results of the studies on the effectiveness of using wheat grain, bioactivated in two ways, in the diet of quails are presented. The studies were carried out on the quails of Japanese selection from birth to 153 days of age. At one day of age, three groups of chickens of 70 heads each were formed. The control group received the basic diet (BD). The first experimental group received BD + bioactivated with water wheat grain (20% of the weight of native grain in the feed). The second experimental group received BD + bioactivated wheat grain with sodium selenite (selenium 25 mg/l of water) (20% from the mass of native grain in the feed). It was found that during bioactivation in wheat grain of experimental groups I and II, sugar increases compared to native grain in the control group from 4.99% to 8.17 and 7.20%, with a decrease in starch from 76.23 to 72.49 and 71.95%, increasing the fat level from 1.35 to 1.51 and 1.74%, respectively. The inclusion of bioactivated grain in the basic diet of quails in the first experimental group helps to increase the viability of young quails by 4.3%, in the second experimental group – by 7.1% compared to the control group; live weight for 60 days of experiment by 6.0 and 7.2% (P≥0.99), average daily gain – by 6.5 and 7.4% (P≥0.99), reduction in feedcosts from 7.0 to 8.5%, slaughter yield – by 2.0 and 4.2%, an increase of lysine content in muscle mass from 0.73 (P≥0.99) to 0.79% (P≥0. 99). A positive effect of the activated grain in the composition of feed on the reproductive indicators was established: laying hens of the I and II experimental groups began laying eggs 3 days earlier than in the control. More eggs during the record period were obtained from laying quails of the II experimental group – 72.48 pieces, which exceeds the indicators of the control group by 8.7% and the I experimental group by 7.8%. In terms of egg mass, laying hens of the second experimental group exceeded the control by 8.2%, and in terms of the conditional economic effect in the production of marketable eggs – by 14.0%.

The study was conducted on the basis of the Vologda branch of the Federal Scientific Center "All-Russian Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Skryabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences" in 2022–2024. Agricultural enterprises of the Vologda re gion were surveyed in order to study the epizootic situation on bovine mycoplasmosis. Bacteriological and molecular genetic studies of blood, nasal, cervical, conjunctival and preputial mucus samples from calves, semen from bulls, milk from cows, as well as pathological and anatomical material were carried out. In molecular genetic testing (PCR method), the average detection rate of mycoplasmosis pathogen genomes for the partial three years (through May 2024) was 66.3% with year-to-year variation from 60.0 to 70.2%. The cumulative rate by year and biomaterial type ranged from 0 (semen, blood) to 100.0% (preputial mucus) with a high proportion of microorganisms detected in conjunctival, nasal mucus and pat material samples (77.8; 72.0 and 75.0%, respectively). 393 samples were analyzed by the bacteriological method. The number of positive samples was distributed as follows: 48.2% – conjunctival mucus, 46.8 – pathological material, 33.3 – preputial mucus, 26.2 – nasal mucus, 2.5% – cervical mucus. Out of 21 positive samples examined by PCR, growth of mycoplasma colonies on solid nutrient medium was detected only in 17 samples (81.0%), of which typical colonies in the form of "fried egg" were found in 10 samples (47.6%), atypical colonies were detected in 7 samples (33.3%). Mycoplasma bovis cultures were typical forms, Mycoplasma dispar cultures were atypical. In one of the surveyed farms, the M. dispar genome was detected in all the samples of pathological material; in another farm, DNA of M. bovis and M. dispar was identified in all the samples of nasal mucus.