The paper presents the results of research in a long-term (2012-2021) stationary experiment on the formation of soil biota in the cultivation of crops by No-till technology compared with conventional technology in the Stavropol Territory. The same varieties and hybrids, doses of mineral fertilizers, sowing dates, seed rates, weed and pest control methods were used in the experiment. It was found that plant residues that permanently remain on the soil surface in the No-till technology contribute to greater proliferation of soil microflora, which inhibits the development of pathogenic microbiota stronger than in the technologies with tillage. Therefore, after two rotations of the four-field crop rotation soybean-winter wheat-sunflower-corn, 13 125 colony-forming units (CFU) of pathogenic microscopic fungi of Fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium and Cephalosporium were found in 1 g of soil in this technology. In the recommended technology, their diversity increased to five (the genus Verticillium was added) and their number increased to 24,125 CFU/g. The saprophytic microflora in the recommended technology was represented by two genera of micromycetes Penicillium and Aspergillus with 48 250 CFU/g, while in the technology No-till, in addition to these fungi the fungi of the genus Trichoderma were present, and their total number was 56 750 CFU/g. That is, in the recommended technology, the quantity of saprophytic microflora was recorded 1.9 times, and in No-till technology 4.3 times higher than the pathogenic microflora. For this reason, the No-till technology did not increase the incidence of diseases of cultivated crops compared to the recommended technology, which had no significant impact on the yield, which on average for two rotations of crop rotation was higher in the No-till technology.

   The results of the study of the use of microfertilizers and growth regulators to improve productivity and quality indicators of white mustard are presented. The research was conducted in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region in 2019-2021. The use of biological preparations influenced the intensity of initial growth of mustard. The highest rates of mustard seeds growth force were noted in the variants with Izagri Vita and Megamix, the length of the seedlings significantly exceeded the control variant by 0.63-0.97 cm. These preparations stimulated an increase in seed germination by 2.66-2.98 % relative to the control (94.68%). Mustard yields averaged 1.39-1.59 t/ha over three years. The studied preparations contributed to an increase in productivity by 0.02-0.20 t/ha with respect to the control variant. The most effective are Izagri Vita and Agroverm, the use of which allowed to get an increase in the mustard yield by 0.17-0.20 t/ha. The highest oil content of seeds was observed in the variants with the growth regulators Albit (26.70 %) and Zircon (26.99 %), which was higher than the control variant by 1.44 and 1.73 %. Morphometric indices of mustard plants also changed depending on the application of the growth stimulants. The application of Zircon contributed to an increase in the plant height (up to 102.6 cm) and the formation of the highest number of pods per plant (194.1 pcs). The use of Agroverm allowed the formation of the maximum number of branches (10.3 pcs). The variants treated with Megamix and Humate +7 formed the largest seeds, the weight of 1,000 seeds was 6.82 and 6.79 g. All of the studied preparations contributed to a decrease in the percentage concentration of the linolenic acid to 9.56-10.28 %. Treatment with Agrika maximizes the content of erucic acid to 36.20 %, with Zircon - oleic acid to 31.20 % and reduces the concentration of linoleic and linolenic acids by 8.0 and 1.52 %. The use of microfertilizers and growth regulators can act as methods of increasing the productivity of white mustard.

   The results of research aimed at increasing the resistance of carrots to major crop diseases caused by fungi of genera Alternaria and Fusarium are presented. It has been noted that fusarium and alternaria infections affect carrot plants in the first and second years of life, reduce the storability of root crops during storage, cause seed-breeding plot drop-out, deteriorate seed quality, which causes significant damage to commercial production and seed production. Multi-year studies (2011-2020) were conducted in the Moscow region. The experiment was performed on infection-provoking backgrounds, in vitro and under natural uncontrolled conditions.

   The object of the study were table carrot plants of the first and second year of life.

   The original, varietal, linear, breeding and hybrid material of table carrots of domestic selection, samples of foreign selection, phytopathogenic fungi of genera Alternaria, Fusarium were used. In the laboratory and field conditions the basic principles of the sequence of inclusion of different methods of immunological evaluation and alternation of two-year and one-year cycles of development of carrot table plants in the schemes of the corresponding stages of the breeding process to increase the intensity and efficiency of selection, saving time and breeding material were developed. The research revealed a strong correlation between laboratory and field experiments. As a result of the application of selection and immunological schemes in the breeding process, the following varieties - sources of group resistance to Alternaria and Fusarium infestation at different stages of ontogenesis were identified: Biryuchekutskaya, Surazhevskaya 1, Vitaminnaya 6, NIIOH-336; Losinoostrovskaya 13; Bessertsevinnaya, Queen of Autumn, Leandr, Moscow winter A-515, Chantene royal, Nuance.

   Areas of technical entomology, including the production of living insects and their products, processing of organic waste by insects to produce bio-fertilizers are presented. Historical aspects of the formation, development and current state of this practical branch of biotechnology in Russia and other countries are covered. Breeding insects and mites includes their use as plant pollinators; entomophages and herbophages - to protect cultivated plants from pests and weeds; phytophagans serving as test objects - to evaluate means of controlling their numbers; feeder insect species - to feed domestic and farm animals. The problem of rare and endangered species of useful insects is touched upon. The necessity of their artificial breeding for further enrichment of agro- and biocenoses is shown. The experience of using different types of insects to process waste of organic origin to produce zoogumus is analyzed. The important practical value of biologically active substances derived from members of the class Insecta are noted. In addition to traditional insect products (bee products, sericulture products), protein concentrate, chitin and its derivatives, complex fatty acids, organic forms of minerals, melanins, antimicrobial peptides, insect hormones, which find use in medicine and veterinary medicine, cosmetology, animal husbandry, crop production and plant protection, food industry and other areas of human activity are in demand in the global market. The question of the possibility and expediency of using protein meal obtained from a number of insect species for human nutrition is being considered. The review focuses on the achievements and experiential developments in technical entomology obtained by scientists and practitioners in the conditions of Western Siberia.

   The results of laboratory and field studies of fungicide effectiveness of Abacus Ultra, SE (suspension emulsion) and Optimo, EC (emulsion concentrate) against anthracnose pathogen and other lupine diseases are presented. The work was conducted in 2019-2021 in the Bryansk region.

   The object of study were the seedlings and crops of narrow-leafed lupine of the Vityaz variety.

   Under laboratory conditions, the effectiveness of Abacus Ultra (pyraclostrobin 62.5 g/l + epoxiconazole - 62.5 g/l) was studied at the rates of 1.25; 1.5; 2.0 l/ha and Optimo (pyraclostrobin - 200 g/l) - 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 l/ha. Biological effectiveness of the protective and therapeutic properties of fungicides was carried out according to the number of affected seedlings grown in paper-polyethylene rolls compared with the control (no treatment). The highest biological effectiveness of protective and curative properties of Abacus Ultra (98.7 and 97.0 %) and Optimo (97.7 and 93.1 %) against anthracnose showed the norms 2.0 and 1.5 l / ha. Field trials of Abacus Ultra and Optimo at the rates of 2.0 and 1.5 l/ha, respectively, were conducted in the experimental field of the ARLSRI under natural manifestation of anthracnose. The experiment was set in 4-fold repetition, the area of the plot was 34 m². The seeding rate was 1.2 million germinated seeds/ha. The forecrop was presented by spring cereal crops. Crops were treated with a hand sprayer at the rate of 200 l/ha of the working solution. The effectiveness of fungicides was determined in comparison with the control. The biological efficacy of Abacus Ultra and Optimo against anthracnose was 95.3 and 96.3%, respectively. By the shiny bean phase, the number of beans affected by anthracnose in these variants was 1.7 and 1.2 %, compared to 18.7 % in the control. Plant infestation with fusarium blight decreased from 20.2% in the control to 10.9 % and 9.3 %. The spread of blossom blight on beans was reduced by 1.7 times. Fungicides had no inhibitory effect on plant growth. Significant (LSD05 = 0.28) increase in seed yield was 0.82 and 0.98 t/ha, cost recovery was 2.83 and 2.40 rubles.

   The results of microbiological studies of a standardized strain and isolates related to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) isolated in Western Siberia are presented. Experimental paratuberculosis infection was reproduced on nonlinear white mice using intraperitoneal and intravenous methods of infection with experimental doses of 0.1;0.25; 0.5 and 1.0 ml of suspensions of standardized strains and isolates. Microbiological studies of strains and isolates included microscopic, cultural and biochemical methods: Ziehl-Neelsen staining of smears; inoculation of mycobacteria suspension on thick egg culture medium Lowenstein-Jensen with mycobactin growth factor; pre-sowing treatment of biomaterial obtained from laboratory animals with subsequent inoculation of the resulting sediment on egg culture medium with mycobactin. Biochemical tests: pathogen growth at 30, 37 and 42 ºC, determination of amidase activity; presence of colony growth or its absence on medium with sodium salicylate, determination of catalase and arylsulfatase activity, nitrate reduction, hydrolysis of tween-80, resistance to 5 % sodium chloride. According to the results of the studies, the cultures studied were classified as mycobacteria group 3 according to Runyon's classification. Mice infected with 0.1; 0.25; 0.5 and 1.0 ml of standardized strain suspension and isolates intraperitoneally showed enlargement of lungs, spleen and liver, single purulent foci on liver, spleen and mesentery. The isolation rate index was (++) 2 to (+++)3 to (++++) 4. Mice infected with 0.1; 0.25; 0.5 and 1.0 ml of standardized strain suspension and intravenous isolates showed enlargement of lungs, spleen and liver, marbled liver, suppurative foci in liver. The isolation rate index was (++)2 to (+++)3 to (++++) 4. Scientific data on the cultural, biochemical and biological properties of isolates of paratuberculous mycobacteria coinciding with identical parameters of the standardized strain Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) were obtained, which allows to refer them to mycobacteria of paratuberculosis. Biological method of research on nonlinear white mice using intraperitoneal and intravenous methods of infection with experimental doses of suspensions containing a standardized strain and isolates of
the paratuberculosis pathogen, allowed to establish the effectiveness of these methods and doses for reproduction of experimental paratuberculosis infection on nonlinear white mice.

   Studies on the regulation of the level of feeding of young animals in the post-embryonic period are presented. The effect of different levels of feeding on the growth rate, development, meat productivity, formation of meatiness and the ratio of the most important tissues in the carcass of young Black-and- White breed of cattle at different age periods has been established. The scheme of young animals rearing was as follows: Group 1 - increased level of feeding until 14 months of age, Group 1 (a) - rearing the young animals until 8 months in the same manner as in Group 1 (increased level of feeding), from 8 to 14 months - maintenance on medium farm feed; Group 2 - medium farm feed until 14 months, Group 2 (a) - until 8 months - medium farm (medium) feeding, from 8 to 14 months - increased level of feeding. For 14 months of rearing, 2114,8 EFU were spent per head in group 1, 1888,1 in group 2 (a), 1919,0 in group 1 (a), 1692,3 EFU in group 2; for 18 months of rearing: 3673,2 in group 1, 3345,6 in group 2 (a), 3397,4 in group 1 (a), 3240,0 EFU in group 2. Group 1 youngsters on improved feed had an average daily gain of 837 g for the whole period, which was 124, 161 and 170 g (p> 0.999) more than Group 2 (a), Group 1 (a) and Group 2 youngsters, respectively. At a high level of feeding young cattle for meat, a sharp increase in meat productivity and improved meat quality was noted. At the same time, the cost of feed for the products produced decreased and the economic efficiency of livestock breeding increased. The level of feeding has a differential effect on the development of individual organs and tissues.

   The results of studying the properties of the feed additive zeodo under technological and feed stress in piglets are presented. To prevent stress factors in piglets, we previously developed a feed additive zeodo based on CO-60 irradiated sawdust and natural sakhaptin zeolite. To conduct experiments to determine the effectiveness of feed additives in the diet of piglets, four groups of eight peer piglets were formed. The control group received the basic diet, the 1st experimental group received 7.5% zeodo to the basic diet, the 2nd experimental group received 2.5% sakhaptin zeolite, the 3rd experimental group received 2.5 % mycosorb. It has been established that the use of zeodo feed additive promotes live weight gain in piglets when feeding them with unproven feed during the stressful period of weaning and keeping. When studying the properties of zeodo and testing various schemes to prevent stress in piglets it was found that a feed mixture consisting of 92.5% crushed feed mix and 7.5 % zeodo feed additive had a positive effect on the live weight gain of piglets within 91 days of the experiment. The growth of piglets in this group was 18.4 % higher than in the control group. When comparing with the indicators of the 3rd experimental group receiving mycosorb, there was an increase in the average daily gain of live weight in the group with zeodo by 2.5 %, with sakhaptin - by 2.8 %. It is concluded that zeodo reduces the synergistic effect of stressors and has a preventive effect on stress. The results of experiments on the use of zeodo feed additive give grounds for its production testing.

   The study of cow milk yield as a sign of breeding value of cows was carried out. It is noted that the generally accepted method of evaluating the actual breeding value of cows by productivity indices for the first 305 days does not reflect the true breeding value of animals, does not show the potential, does not give information about the reproductive qualities of animals. The evaluation data of 10 stud bulls for 2020, 2021 in the breeding farm of the red steppe breed of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic were studied. The average milk yield in the herd is 6,600 kg. The evaluation was performed on 545 daughters in terms of milk yield for the first 305 days and for the whole lactation, taking into account the duration of lactation as well as the variability of indicators. Comparison of evaluation results is determined by ranking the duration of lactation, milk yield for the first 305 days and the whole lactation. Of the 10 groups of bull daughters, the ranks were retained only on the daughters of two bulls (Torpan 2739 and Iman 314) who took first and tenth places. Of the 8 remaining bulls, the daughters of 5 stud bulls (Grillage 6977, Knor 45026 and Kulon 1237) increased their milk yield rank for the whole lactation by one, daughters of the Arzamas 6815 bull increased by two, daughters of the Gir 1883 bull increased by four exponent parts. The rankings for the daughters of the bulls Topaz 1239 decreased by one, the bulls Twist 76849 and Tibulus 3728 decreased by four exponent parts. With an average service period of 144.3 days in the entire sample, it ranged from 126.3 (daughters of the bull Topaz 1239) to 171.4 days (daughters of the bull Knor 45026), with a difference of 45.1, or two full ovary cycles. This indicates the influence of genotype on the productivity of animals under the same feeding and housing conditions. The full-lactation yield of all 10 evaluated individuals significantly (p ≥ 0.95) exceeds their performance in the first 305 days and significantly changes the evaluation rank, which should be taken into account when selecting bulls.

   Scientific and economic experiments were conducted on young cattle in the production conditions of the Magadan region in accordance with the 2020, 2021research plan. Growth and development of young bulls obtained by different methods of breeding were analyzed. Three groups of steers of different genotypes were formed for the experiment. The first group consisted of the third generation (F3) Hereford bulls obtained as a result of the accumulation cross breeding of the Holstein breed by the Hereford breed, the second group consisted of half-blood crossbreeds of Hereford and Aberdeen-Angus crosses obtained as a result of commercial cross breeding of Aberdeen-Angus heifers with Hereford bulls, the third group - purebred Holstein bulls. Throughout the entire rearing period studied (from birth to 17 months of age) the animals were under the same feeding and keeping conditions. The analysis of the obtained data shows that crossbred young bulls obtained as a result of the accumulation cross breeding of the Hereford Holstein breed (F3) and industrial cross breeding of the Hereford and Aberdeen-Angus breeds had an advantage over their counterparts of the Holstein breed throughout the whole period of cultivation in live weight, average daily and absolute gain. The best in these indicators were the young bulls of the third generation Hereford breed. At the age of 17 months, they were heavier than half-blood young bulls by 2.9% and heavier than purebred Holstein bulls by 12.5 %. Crossbreeds of both groups had pronounced meat shapes, deep and wide chest, well developed musculature of hips, back and loin. The relative growth rate of cross-bred young bulls from birth to 17 months of age was 3.5-4.1% higher than that of Holstein bulls.

   The results of studying the effect of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium robertsii and Beauvéria bassiana on the growth and development of fodder beans of the Siberian variety are presented. The studies were conducted in 2019, 2020. Presowing treatment of fodder beans (Vicia faba L.) seeds with endophytic fungi M. robertsii and B. bassiana with subsequent cultivation in the field conditions contributed to the acceleration of the growth processes, the formation of a greater biological mass and an increase in the yield. The efficiency of entomopathogenic fungi M. robertsii and B. bassiana was evaluated in a field experiment in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia on leached chernozem. The use of M. robertsii on fodder beans significantly increased grain yield by 2.0-4.2 c/ha (Man-W, p = 0.01565), the plant height by 6-16 cm, as well as foliage and weight of 1000 grains. The use of B. bassiana did not result in an increase in yield. A significant increase in the number of active nodules on the roots of fodder bean plants where M. robertsii treatment was applied was observed. During the flowering phase, significant differences between the control and the variant with B. bassiana application were noted (Fisher, p = 0.000085). Treatment of bean seeds with entomopathogenic fungi M. robertsii and B. bassiána before sowing can increase crop yield and stimulate growth processes. In the future, this technique can be used in agricultural practice on other legume crops. The present work is the first study of the effect of entomopathogenic fungi on fodder beans when grown in the continental climate of Western Siberia.

   The issues of increasing efficiency and competitiveness of a crop farming enterprise through information support of production using digital technologies are considered. The process of selecting technologies and technical means in the cultivation of crops is investigated. The available methods and software tools used to solve these problems are studied. The expediency of developing a web-oriented software complex of the automated choice of agricultural technologies and MTF (machine and tractor fleet), providing accounting and operational processing of a variety of information describing objectively existing large number of factors, conditions and characteristics of production in the agricultural enterprise is substantiated. Based on the analysis of the main scientific and methodological components of cereal crop cultivation technologies, a structural scheme of a web-application is formed. Algorithms for software modules as components of the software package, with a common database and a unified common interface are developed. The implementation of the software package in the future will automate the process of forming an annual work planning, calculation of economic indicators, will allow the timely implementation of the necessary repair and maintenance activities to reduce power losses due to the inevitable deterioration of the technical condition of the ICE of the machine-tractor fleet in production conditions. The software package under development can be used in crop production in decision support systems based on digital technologies.

   A wheeled machine in a curved movement is always under the action of a lateral force and deviates from the set trajectory due to lateral guidance. Well-known methods and ways of studying the curvilinear motion of a wheeled machine, especially in unsteady modes, at high speeds and with small turning radii, provide reliable information only for limited conditions of machine operation on a solid support base. A methodology for calculating the lateral deviation of a wheeled machine when driving on a deformable base from a theoretical curvilinear trajectory as the difference between the actual minimum and theoretical minimum turning radii is proposed. This methodology presents it as a single object, rather than describing the rolling of an individual wheel due to its complexity. This eliminates the time-consuming and materially expensive process of determining empirical coefficients and dependencies. The analytical studies of the trajectory curves used experimental data and the description of these trajectories by the method of nonlinear approximation of the piecewise-smooth function. The actual analytical trajectory is obtained by shifting the theoretical trajectory and the minimum theoretical radius by the amount of lateral deviation. The proposed method of analytical description of the actual trajectory of the curvilinear motion of a wheeled machine on a deformable support base using experimental data and nonlinear approximation of their piecewise smooth function, as well as the method of determining its lateral deviation with the changes in the calculated and experimental trajectories allow to accurately describe various regimes of unsteady motion along the actual trajectory and solve the problems necessary to rationally use wheeled machines to optimize their design properties and performance.

   The development of an inactivated combined vaccine against rhinopneumonia and horse strangles is presented. Acute toxicity, pyrogenicity and immunogenicity of the vaccine in laboratory animals have been studied. Preclinical trials of the vaccine were conducted on mongrel outbred mice and rabbits. Testing of the vaccine preparation on male rabbits showed its apyrogenicity. The immunogenicity of the viral component of the vaccine was tested on 10-14-day-old outbred mice with a body weight of 6-7 g. The vaccine was administered subcutaneously to the 1st group of mice (n = 8) 0.3 ml twice with an interval of 14 days. Mice of the 2nd group (n = 6) were used for negative and positive control. 14 days after the second immunization, a control intracerebral infection with an adapted strain of equine rhinopneumonia virus was carried out at a dose of 0.02 × 6.0 lgTSD 50 / ml. The immunogenic activity of the strangles composition of the vaccine was tested on mongrel white mice. The vaccine in a dose of 0.5 ml was administered subcutaneously to 10 white mice. After vaccination, 10 days later, infection with a lethal dose of strangles streptococcus was carried out in experimental and control groups of laboratory mice LD 50 , which amounted to 200 thousand microbial bodies in 1 ml. In the mice of the experimental group, body weight increased by 1.5 g during observation, in the control group – by 0.9 g. According to the results of pathomorphological and histological studies, no changes in the internal organs caused by the administration of intragastric drugs were detected. Preclinical testing showed the absence of acute toxicity, allergenic, pyrogenic properties and immunogenicity of the combined vaccine against rhinopneumonia and horse strangles. The combined vaccine protects against experimental infection with the rhinopneumonia virus by 75 %, with the causative agent of horse strangles by 80 %.