The paper presents methodological approaches for the creation of a digital farming management system (DFMS). A convergent approach, based on cognitive (conceptual) analysis methods, is employed in the research and applied to the formation of adaptive landscape farming systems. The fundamental principles of organizing DFMS include crop and environmental monitoring (in situ, remote sensing); the formation of farming system archetypes based on the analysis of long-term field experiments; spatial object modeling and land typology using GIS; planning and support for agrotechnologies to adapt to natural and economic conditions; modeling ecosystem services and biodiversity; assessing the impact on the sustainability and economics of crop production. The system is implemented using geoinformation models in a specific geographic coordinate. DFMS involves conducting a "inventory" of natural and production resources, as well as identifying limits of climatic, soil, and agrolandscape parameters at different levels of land use intensity. At each stage of organizing system blocks, methods of intelligent data analysis and machine learning are used, with the core of the system relying on the use of knowledge bases and logical rules of the subject area. A key element of the system is the scaling of the results of long-term field experiments and accumulated knowledge in different management areas based on the parameterization of the multi-level variability of farming systems and the formation of their archetypes. The practical implementation of the main provisions of DFMS allows approaching the solution of key issues related to reducing the level of uncertainty and associated risks in agriculture. This is achieved through scientifically justified organization of rational land use, increasing the resilience of crop production in different land use conditions, and providing information support to rural producers.

Triticale is an artificially man-made culture that has both positive and negative signs and properties. One of such undesirable signs is the low resistance of the grain to germination during maturation. Therefore, the search for ways to reduce this phenomenon is an urgent issue. Pre-harvest treatment of crops, namely desiccation and senification, can be a solution to this problem. The purpose of the study, conducted in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic, geographically belonging to the Middle Urals, was a comparative study of the effect of desiccation and senification of crops on yield and grain quality of winter triticale. In a two-factor field experiment during the growing seasons 2021 and 2022, the varieties Izhevskaya 2 (control) and Beta, whose crops were treated with desiccant Sukhovey and seni- cants – 20 and 30% solutions of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, were studied. In the years of the study, the final stages of ontogenesis in triticale varieties took place in hot dry conditions. As a result, the effect of the studied substances did not affect the grain yield. When comparing the declared varieties, the yield advantage of the Beta variety was established due to the formation of larger grains and higher inflorescence productivity. At the same time, a greater accumulation of dry matter per unit area was characterized by a higher-growing variety Izhevskaya 2. In the course of the experiment the increase of the natural weight indices of winter triticale variety Beta by 7–9 g/l in the variants with the use of ammonium sulfate was revealed. Grain volume weight of the Izhevskaya 2 variety did not change under the influence of the studied methods.

The Maak cherry (Cerasus maackii Rupr.) has been studied for use as a scion in nursery production. The culture has such economically valuable features as resistance to diseases and pests, winter hardiness, fast regenerative ability, high rooting capacity of green cuttings. The article deals with the peculiarities of cultivation of the Maak cherry by green cuttings in the conditions of the Chelyabinsk region. The objective of the study was to evaluate the Maak cherry for the rooting ability and the possibility of obtaining a standard clonal scion. It has been found that using green shoots of the Maak cherry, 20, 30 and 40 cm long, the rooting capacity of cherry increases by 2.5; 12.5 and 19.1%, respectively, compared to the control variant (15 cm). The yield of standard rootstocks increases, when using longer cuttings 30–40 cm, when compared to the control (15 cm), or 2.5–3.4 times, respectively. Changes also occurred in the increase in the diameter of the conditional root neck, it increased by 9.3; 28.0 and 50.0% more than the control (3.2 mm). It has been proved by the experiment that at cutting length of green cuttings of the Maak cherry with the length of 40 cm, it is possible to get more than 150 pieces of clonal rootstocks suitable for winter grafting from 1m² of the protected ground during one vegetation period. In green cuttings of the Maak cherry in a greenhouse equipped with a fogging unit, the length of green cuttings planted for rooting has a significant effect on rooting and yield of the uniform clonal rootstocks. When using 30–40 cm long annual shoots cut during the active growth period, rooting ability of the Maak cherry increased 1.3 times, the diameter of the conditional root neck – 1.5 times, the total yield of the suitable for grafting rootstocks – 3.4 times compared to the control variant (15 cm).

The experiments were conducted on the broiler chickens of the cross "Smena-9" in the vivarium of the Selective Genetic Centre "Zagorskoe Experimental Breeding Farm" in Sergiev Posad. The results of the blood plasma biochemical tests showed wavelike changes in the trypsin activity at all ages stu- died. The increased concentration of total protein at 7 days of age in all groups could have been induced by switching from endogenous feed when receiving exogenous feed containing more protein than the yolk sac.  The age dynamics of the alkaline phosphatase activity had sharp fluctuations throughout the whole rearing period. At 1–7 days of age, there was an increase in the phosphatase activity with a subsequent decrease until 35 days of age relative to the control in all groups. The peak of high activity of this enzyme occurs on the 7th day – 31030 units/l in the control group and on the 14th day in the experimental group 2. Thereafter, there is a gradual decrease in the activity of this enzyme. A sharp increase in the level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood of broiler chickens at 7–21 days of age indicates intensive growth and formation of the organism, but a sharp surge in activity at 7 days of age could also be caused by the transition to a new diet, which in itself is a stress factor. A decrease in the activity of this enzyme at 28–35 days of age indicates a slowdown in the growth process. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemical composition of blood in different periods of post-embryogenesis of broiler chickens of the cross "Smena-9" at changing the level of protein in the diet, which in this case remains a relevant and informative source of information on the effect of changes in the ingredient composition of feed on the bird organism as a whole.

The experience of importing high-yielding foreign producers has shown the disadvantages of this practice due to low adaptation of the imported animals and difficulties in their full acclimatization to new conditions of housing and feeding. As a result, at best it prevents them from realizing their potential, at worst it contributes to their rapid drop out of the reproduction process. Domestic breeds are adapted to Russian conditions, but need to improve their productive qualities. Therefore, selection and breeding work is of key importance in the technological development of the beef cattle breeding industry of our country. We conducted studies on the heifers of the Kazakh white-headed breed of the Donguz 7139, Korol 13682NV-6 and Zolotoi 3423 lines in the conditions of the APC (collective farm) "Anikhovsky" of the Adamovsky district of the Orenburg region. Blood sampling of the heifers at 15 months of age (n = 18) was carried out in the morning before feeding from the jugular vein, for morphological studies – in vacuum tubes with an anticoagulant, for biochemical – with a coagulation activator. It was found that the heifers of the Zolotoi 3423 line surpassed the animals of the Donguz 7139 line in blood content of total protein (79,9 g/l) by 5.6%, albumins (36,8 g/l) by 6.35%, AST (27,8 Un/l) by 4.27%, ALT (105,0 Un/l) by 14.2%, erythrocytes (5,67 ∙ 10^[1]2 cells/l) by 15.24% and hemoglobin (79,6 g/l) by 12.42%, that indicates a high rate of metabolism and redox processes in their body and eliminates the hidden risks of stability, adaptability of the gene pool of a new breeding form. Taking into account the productivity indicators given in the previous article, as well as the results obtained in the course of the present study, the creation and increase in the number of animals of the Zolotoi  3423 line is promising in breeding and breeding work with a herd of the Kazakh white-headed cattle in the APC (collective farm).

The article presents the results of isolation of Clostridium spp. bacteria and their associations from cattle with different clinical forms of clostridiosis. From 2016 to 2023, 910 samples of biomaterial collected from cows, heifers and calves under 6 months of age, as well as from stillborn calves and aborted fetuses in case of reproductive pathologies in cows were investigated by bacteriological methods. The following species play a major role in the etiology of bovine clostridiosis: C. perfringens, C. septicum, C. novyi (C. oedematiens), C. histolyticum and C. sordellii. C. histolyticum (65.2%), C. septicum (45.6), C. perfringens (29.7) and C. sporogenes (26.1) were isolated most frequently from cows and heifers, while C. sordellii (1.7) and C. novyi (0.9%) were isolated less frequently. Clostridium spp. bacteria of six species were isolated from animals in enterotoxemia and enteritis, and five species in vaginitis and endometritis. In other clinical forms of the disease, bacteria of four species were isolated from cows and heifers. The spectrum of bacteria involved in the development of abomasitis, enteritis and enterotoxemia in calves was similar and represented by four bacterial species: C. histolyticum, C. septicum, C. perfringens and C. sporogenes. Bacteria of five species were isolated from the calves with septicaemic form of the disease. The peculiarities of clinical manifestation and the course of clostridiosis in cattle depended on the species composition of pathogens and their associations. Diseases caused by Clostridium spp. bacteria were acute or subacute, characterized by visible lesions of organs and tissues in a few hours after the animal showed signs of disease and in most cases ended in death.

The purpose of the research is to study the timing of technological operations and the effect of different methods of feeding roughage to Aberdeen Angus calves on age-related changes in the body weight and the effectiveness of cultivation during the dairy period. 3 groups of newborn Aberdeen Angus calves of 10 heads each were formed: 1st (control) – calves fed roughage together with adult livestock, 2nd (control) – calves fed in a separate pen (canteen) from their mothers, 3rd (control) – calves fed in an experimental feeder with limited access for adult livestock located in a separate pen. For the entire period of research, 201 seconds or 3.35 minutes were spent on performing basic technological operations in the 3rd experimental group, which is 3847 seconds or 64.12 minutes, less than in the 1st group and 609 seconds or 10.15 minutes, less than in the 2nd group. The actual palatability from the experimental feeder (calves of the 3rd group) was higher by 132 kg (p > 0.999) than in the 1st group and by 66 kg (p > 0.99) than in the 2nd group. The smallest amount of uneaten hay residues was in the experimental feeder and amounted to 99 kg which is 54 kg less (p > 0.999), than in the 1st group and 18 kg less than in the 2nd group (p > 0.99). The minimum hay losses were 36 kg in the 3rd group, while in the 1st group this figure was 114 kg, and in the 2nd group 84 kg, which is more by 78 (p > 0.999) and 48 kg (p > 0.999), respectively. At the age of six months, the calves of the 3rd group surpassed the live weight of the herdmates of other groups by 4.2–6.1 kg (p > 0.95–0.99). Their superiority in average daily growth over the entire study period was 21–33 g (p > 0.95–0.99). It turned out to be more cost-effective (by 2.8–4.7 abs. %) to raise the calves which were fed hay from a developed feeder.

The article presents a review of literature on bioactive substances and innovative methods of extraction of biologically active substances from plant raw materials, discusses the need to develop new extraction methods to preserve the structural and functional properties of the extracted compounds. The study includes analysis of recent publications on extraction methods and bibliometric mapping using VOSviewer software. The authors review various methods including supercritical fluid extraction, fermentation, ultrasonic and microwave processing. Special attention is given to combined methods such as enzyme extraction using ultrasound and microwaves. The advantages and disadvantages of new extraction methods, as well as combinations of techniques in terms of increasing the potential for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant raw materials are determined. The work is intended to stimulate interest in the development of new extraction methods and to promote research in this field. 

The article presents some key points of agricultural science existence in the world during the post-pandemic period, the intensive development of digitalization, and the deployment of artificial intelligence. The industry's development is coupled with interdisciplinary sciences, enabling the creation of future scenarios for successful implementation into practice. With tremendous advancement, agricultural science still faces challenges and problems such as outdated agricultural machinery and poor infrastructure in many developing countries. On a global scale, the science addresses sustainable development, soil fertility improvement, and biodiversity conservation in the face of climate change.

Many of the solutions to the man-made problems that have been created lead to strong education and reskilling of people on the principle of "life-long learning". Through such approaches, the economic component of agriculture will grow.  From the point of view of the research environment, it is necessary to expand research topics in order to close the weak links in the “human-nature” chain. The achievements of agrarian science should find practical application at the local level, involving "farmer-official-scientist" collaboration. There are now many communities, workshops, and platforms promoting educational and practical goals for better agricultural science, combating hunger, nutritious food, and climate change, where one can express personal perspectives and hear from professionals. These events are supported by international organizations such as the United Nations and UNDP, which give a special role to women working in agrarian spheres in order to develop the necessary qualities for practicing agrarian science. Present opportunities have the potential to advance agrarian sciences, drawing from the experiences of advanced countries and adapting them to local conditions, opportunities, and mentalities, with the aim of ensuring high-quality and stable grain production for human food demands.