The results of the study to determine the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of medium-early variety Novosibirskaya 31 with biopreparations are presented. The scientific experiment was conducted in the forest-steppe conditions of the Priob'ye region in 2019-2021. The effect of biological preparations on the development of fungal diseases of wheat and on the main parameters of sowing: the density of plants, their height and biomass, flag leaf area, ear structure and grain yield were studied. With the increase of root rot during the growing season from 1,3 to 3,4% to the phase of bushing and up to 10,0% by the end of the growing season the efficiency of seed treatment with Trichodermin, Sporobacterin and Scarlet bio-detergent was 32, 53 and 56% at the beginning of the growing season and 21, 27 and 36% - in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of grain. Trichodermin and Sporobacterin preparations were moderately effective against septoriosis (40 and 34%), against powdery mildew (29 and 24%), and the disinfectant Scarlet suppressed leaf infections by 51 and 43% against 9.3% and 9.0% of the control. The length of the wheat sprouts in the phase of the 2nd leaf in the variants of Trichodermin, Sporobacterin, Scarlet was greater than the control by 7.6; 11.1 and 4.6%. The greatest growth-stimulating effect was observed when the seeds were treated with Sporobacterin. In the phase of milk-wax ripeness the density of the wheat plants increased compared to the control by 8,3, 21,7 and 15,2% respectively, the productive stem structure was higher when using biopreparations by 15,2%, Scarlet dressing - by 17,4%. The grain harvest increased relative to the control (2.31 t/ha) in Trichodermin and Sporobacterin variants by 0.30 and 0.37 t/ha, Scarlet - by 0.22 t/ha. As a result of seed treatment with Scarlet the grain was obtained with protein content of 13,25%, while application of biofungicides Trichodermin, Sporobacterin increased it by 0,14 and 0,28% relative to the control (13,3%). As a result of the studies, it has been shown that the biopreparations Trichodermin and Sporobacterin are able to contain the development of diseases at a relatively low level, slightly inferior to the chemical preparation. With their growth-stimulating properties, they can provide grain yields even higher than when using a dressing.

The results of studying the formation of yield and amino acid content in the grain of naked oats varieties of different ripeness groups under the influence of different sowing dates are presented. The research was carried out in 2018-2020 in field and laboratory experiments on the medium early Gavroche variety and the mid ripening Ofenya variety in Western Siberia. A significant advantage of early sowing dates of naked oats varieties has been revealed: the Gavroche variety has an average of 25.9-29.6%, the Ofenya variety has 16.2-21.6% relative to later dates. At the same time, a significantly higher yield was formed in the mid ripening variety Ofenya, by 0.1-0.4 t/ha. A greater number of essential amino acids in the Gavroche variety was noted at a late sowing period – 4.51% (at an early and average term of 4.39 and 4.45%, respectively), and interchangeable amino acids – at an early term – 8.83% (at an average and late – 7.80 and 8.46%, respectively). In the Ofenya variety, the content of essential amino acids was 4.82-6.49 g/kg, interchangeable 7.28-9.49%. At the same time, this variety has a tendency to increase the quantitative composition of amino acids in the grain from the early sowing period to the late one. Differences in the influence of moisture conditions on the accumulation of amino acids in the varieties of naked oats were revealed. The highest content of essential and interchangeable amino acids in the medium-ripened variety Ofenya is formed at elevated values of the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) in the period of seedling – tillering (r = 0.9467 ... 0.9999 at R = 0.6660), reduced values in the period of booting – flowering (r = -0.9338...-0.9987 at R = 0.6660), with an increase in HTC during the filling – ripening period (r = 0.4335... 0.7888 at R = 0.6660). In the early-maturing Gavroche variety, a higher content of essential amino acids was noted at an early sowing period under conditions of low values of HTC during the period of seedling – tillering, increased - during the period of booting-flowering and arid conditions of the period of filling–ripening - r = -0.8812, 0.8626, -0.6087 at R = 0.6660, respectively. The high content of interchangeable amino acids in the Gavroche variety was formed at late periods in the years with reduced values of HTC during the period of seedling – tillering, the presence of precipitation during flowering and their absence during the period of filling-ripening (r = -0.8287, 0.8068, -0.6860 at R = 0.6660, respectively).

Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources the information about the main quality attributes of garden strawberry fruits (large fruit size, hardness or firmness of fruits, biochemical composition) and breeding possibilities of their improvement at the present stage of breeding is summarized. Quality characteristics of garden strawberries are differentiated by groups: commercial, consumer, biochemical, physical and mechanical, technological. When growing garden strawberries for fresh consumption, the following large-fruited varieties were identified: Clery (Italy), Florence (UK), Alba (Italy), Roxana (Italy), Vima Xima (Netherlands), Vima Tarda (Netherlands), Vima Kimberly (Netherlands), Maya (Italy), San Andreas (USA), Taira, Nelly, Kemiya, Elegy, Alpha, Bereginya, Tsaritsa, Krymchanka 87, Arossa, Zarya, Krymskaya rannaya, Uniol, Jantarnaja. The trait of fruit hardness refers to the technological characteristics, but it also depends on the appearance of fruits during harvesting and transportation, which determines the commercial appearance. The following varieties have a high degree of fruit hardness: Tsaritsa, Surprise olympics, Rubinovy kulon, Feyerverk, Aquarelle, Alina, Nelli, Induka (Netherlands), Clery, Darselect (France), Tenira (Netherlands), Selekta (Canada), Polka (Netherlands), Irma (Italy), Alba, Asia (Italy), Syria (Italy), Onda (Italy), Vivaldi (Netherlands). Strawberry fruits are characterized by a unique composition of biologically active compounds that determine the nutritional value of the crop as a source of dietary and therapeutic and preventive nutrition. Studies indicate a predominant role of genotype in the accumulation of antioxidants in garden strawberry fruits, as well as the influence of growing conditions on the realization of the genetic potential of the varieties. Due to the development of cultivation technologies and the expansion of knowledge about the nutraceutical value of garden strawberries, improving the quality of fruits has become one of the priority objectives of breeding programs around the world. To increase the level of fruit quality traits in garden strawberry, the greatest effect can be achieved by using the original forms with proven donor properties on these traits in breeding.

The effect of herbicide Flex, AS (active ingredient fomesafen 250 g/l) on annual weed species common in soybean crops was studied. The studies were conducted under greenhouse conditions in 2019-2021. The sensitivity of ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Asian copper leaf Acalypha australis L., common lamb's quarters Chenopodium album L., common dayflower Commelina communis L., China jute Abutilon theophrasti Medik, trailing hollyhock Hibiscus trionum L., St.-Paul’swort Sigesbeckia pubescens Makino, green amaranth Amaranthus retroflexus L., elsholtzia Elsholtzia pseudocristata Levl. et Vaniot, and Siberian cocklebur Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widd was determined. Weed treatment with Flex at rates of 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 l/ha was carried out three times a season at different stages of plant growth and development. The level of sensitivity of weed species to herbicide was judged by the decrease in height and weight of the aboveground organs of the experimental plants compared to the control. It was found that Flex herbicide completely destroys plants of all tested species in the early stages of growth and development (1-4 true leaves). When treating weeds that have formed 3-10 leaves, ragweed, green amaranth, Asian copper leaf, trailing hollyhock and Siberian cocklebur remain highly sensitive to the drug action (reduction of the aboveground weight up to 94-100%). Application of Flex on overgrown plants leads to a significant decrease in its activity against all studied weed species. When used in the third term, the herbicide is effective only on the green amaranth, suppressing the mass of the plants by 76-86%.

The methods of combating the most common harmful insects in the central regions of the Russian Federation, which cause damage to agricultural products during storage, were studied. The experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions by ozonation disinsection of a grain heap of winter wheat. The object of research is granary weevils (Sitophilus granaries L.) and confused flour beetles (Tribolium confusum L.). It is noted that the currently recommended ozone concentrations for disinfection can be dangerous for the health of service personnel. The possibility of ozone treatment at lower values (up to 5 mg/m³) was investigated. It was found that ozone concentration in the range of 3-5 mg/m³ at an exposure of 300 min is sufficient for the complete destruction of the granary weevils. Since it is difficult to maintain a constant gas content, it is necessary to focus on the dose of ozone treatment over 1315 mg·min/m³. For the complete destruction of the confused flour beetles, at least 460 min should be ozonated at the specified parameters. The dose of ozone treatment should exceed 1935 mg·min/m³. Ozonation should be carried out until about half of the insects die.

The remaining part of the pests dies within the next day after the treatment, since ozone, acting on the hemolymph, practically eliminates the possibility of survival of beetles after their paralysis. The use of the studied gas concentration indicators contributes to improving the quality of grain seeds.

Ozone disinfection with the specified parameters can be combined with the operation of pre-sowing preparation of the seed material. Due to the high activity of ozone, such concentrations quickly decompose into molecular oxygen, which significantly reduces the risk of human poisoning.

High humidity, low temperature and pathogens can significantly reduce the quality of cereal crop seeds during storage. The effect of temperature and humidity on the infestation of wheat seeds by phytopathogens during storage was studied. A decrease in infestation of seed material with all types of fungi in a warm warehouse at 14% humidity was found. When humidity increased to 20%, there was an increase in total infestation. The dependence of seedling infestation on seed storage conditions is shown. Warm storage mode of seed storage at normal humidity (14%) revealed the highest index of disease development – 2.9 times higher compared to cold storage mode, but with similar humidity. Similar data were obtained when determining the prevalence of root rot. The highest incidence of the disease was noted in plants sown with seeds stored at 20% humidity in a warm warehouse, which is 1.5 times higher compared to the seeds sown at standard humidity (14%). When seeds were stored cold, the prevalence of root rot at high humidity (20%) was 63% – 7% higher than at standard humidity (14%). At higher humidity (20%) in both warm and cold storage, the prevalence of root rot is higher than at standard humidity. It was noted that under warm seed storage conditions at 20% moisture content, organotropic specialization is characterized by allocation of pathogens in all plant organs.

The exterior is formed in the process of growth and development of the animal and is a reflection of the appearance and proportions of the body. Genetic factors play a significant role in the formation of the exterior. The protein sperm-associated antigen 17, encoded by the SPAG17 gene, performs a number of important biological functions in the process of growth and development of the mammalian organism, as well as affecting the growth and development of bones. The aim of our work was to analyze the polymorphic variants (indel) of the SPAG17 gene in connection with the body measurements of mature Saanen goats. The sample included 43 goats aged 3-5 years from one of the breeding farms of the Leningrad region. Phenol extraction was used to isolate DNA samples. Genotyping was performed for rs659761737 (indel 14 bp, intron 22) and rs647063466 (indel 17 bp, intron 47) of the SPAG17 gene by AS-PCR method. Before the start of the breeding season, sexually mature goats of the Saanen breed were once measured with the calculation of body built indices. The analysis of the genotypes and alleles frequency showed that, according to rs659761737 (indel 14 bp), the DD genotype was determined at the level of 0.186, ID - 0.419, and II - 0.395. For rs647063466 (indel 17 bp) of the SPAG17 gene, the opposite pattern was observed. The frequency of DD, ID, and II genotypes was 0.326, 0.512, and 0.163, respectively. Animals with genotype II for rs659761737 (indel 14 bp) of the SPAG17 gene had significantly high metacarpus girth values (p˂0.01), and the individuals with genotype ID for rs647063466 (indel 17 bp) were distinguished by high values of the index of leg height (p˂0.05) and chest index (p˂0.05). The obtained data suggest that the studied SNPs of the SPAG17 gene make a significant contribution to the formation of the exterior profile of the Saanen goats.

The results of assessing the dynamics of milk productivity of goats of different genotypes depending on the number of lactations in 305 days are presented. The level of average monthly milk yields was studied. Four groups of Saanen and Nubian breed goats of 10 animals each were formed for the experiment. Starting from the 1st month of lactation in all groups, milk yield increased continuously until the 4th month, and then went down by the end of lactation. The maximum average monthly milk yields were in the 2nd-4th months of lactation in all four groups of female goats. Average monthly milk yields were highest for goats of all genotypes and lactations in the 4th month. Saanen goats dominated over Nubian goats in the first lactation by 14.43 kg, or 15.96%, in the third by 4.23 kg, or 4.48%. The parameters of physicochemical and microbiological composition of the milk of Saanen and Nubian goats of different lactation numbers were studied. The content of the main milk nutrients: protein, fat and milk sugar, as well as minerals is higher in the Nubian goat breed in both lactations. The density and acidity of goat milk were in accordance with the GOST (All Union State standard). The freezing point of goat milk samples of both breeds and lactations ranged from 0.50-0.57 °C. The somatic cell content in the milk of goats of both genotypes ranged from 128 to 1500 thousand/cm³ and conformed to the standards. Bacterial contamination of milk of the goats of both breeds and lactations did not exceed permissible sanitary standards.

A comprehensive veterinary study of the wild pig population on the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory for helminthiasis and microbial transmission was carried out. The helminth fauna of wild pigs was studied and the circulation of bacterial pathogens in the population of these animals was established. The object of the research were materials obtained in the field studies on the Trans-Baikal Territory districts. The study of endoparasite infestation was conducted in 37 wild pigs aged 6 months to 3 years during 2019-2021. Infestation of wild pigs with eight different types of helminths was registered on the Trans-Baikal Territory. The maximum extent of infestation (32.4%) was recorded in Setaria labiato-papillosa. Wild pigs are infected with both imaginal helminths Setaria labiato-papillosa, Metastrongylus elongatus, Ascaris suum, Trichocephalus suis, Oesophagostomum dentatum, as well as with helminth larvae Cysticercus tenuicollis and Cysticercus cellulosae. The study of the morphology of sexually mature pathogens indicates parasitization of helminths of the genus Setaria labiato-papillosa in pigs. Out of 37 wild pigs studied, the association infestation of setariosis + ascaridosis was recorded in 12 animals, three pigs were simultaneously parasitized by ascaridosis + trichocephalus, and two animals had the association of setariosis + metastrongylosis.

Organoleptic examination of carcasses of pigs affected by associative infestation showed a 2-fold or more reduction in the thickness of the backbone and side fat in comparison with helminth-free animals. In pigs infected with ascaridosis and metastrongylosis, microbial cultures of S. typhimurium and E. rhusiopathiae were isolated from paraenchymatous organs. Parasite ecosystems with different types of helminths and helminths + highly pathogenic bacteria have been recorded in the body of wild pigs.

The results of the study of epizootic welfare in the sharply continental climate of Eastern Siberia are presented. Materials of statistical reports of the District Veterinary Departments and the Veterinary Supervision Service of the Republic of Tyva, and the information from the Goskomstat (State Statistics Committee) were used for the research. It was noted that during the period under study (1933-2022) the region was officially considered stationary unfavorable, anthrax was registered in 199 unfavorable points on the territory of 13 administrative districts and Kyzyl. The reason for the spread of epizootics was the presence of a large number of soil foci of infection in the region. As a result of a retrospective analysis of the dynamics and peculiarities of anthrax occurrence in the republic over the ten-year periods, it was established that the epizootics of maximum intensity occurred in 1933-1982. In the next two decades, 1983-2002, epizootics of medium intensity were recorded. Minimum character of anthrax epizootic situation is observed in the last two decades from 2003 to 2022, which demonstrates a pronounced positive tendency to reduce the tension of the epizootic situation. Sporadic outbreaks of anthrax are currently occurring due to the activation of soil foci of infection, which indicates a stationary problem of the region. When zoning the territory of Tuva Republic according to anthrax epizootic activity for 1933-2022 the first group of districts (maximum epizootic activity) includes Barun-Khemchiksky, Dzun-Khemchiksky, Ulug-Khemsky, Tes-Khemsky, Tandinsky, Erzinsky, Chaa-Kholsky, Ovursky districts and the territory of Kyzyl. The second group (with an average level of epizootic activity) includes Bai-Taiginsky, Kaa-Khemsky, Pii-Khemsky, Kyzylsky and Todzhinsky districts. The third group (with minimal risk of epizootic activity) includes anthrax-free Mongun-Taiginsky, Sut-Holsky, Chedi-Holsky and Tere-Holsky districts.

The results of the studies (2021, 2022) on the spread of helminth infectious agents in horse breeding farms are presented. Parasitic worms of two classes Nematoda and Cestoda participate in the formation of the helminthic complex of Central Altai animals. Nematodes of two suborders Strongylata and Ascaridata (Parascaris equorum) were recorded. Two species Anoplocephalaperfoliata and Paranoplocephalamamillana were identified in cestodes represented by the tapeworms of suborder Anoplocephalata. In the province (87.8%) and in some administrative districts, infestation of whole-hoofed animals with gastrointestinal strongylates is much higher than infection with helminthes of suborder Ascaridata (14.1%) and cestodes of suborder Anoplocephalata (10.9%). Nematodes of suborder Strongylata play the main role in forming the nosological profile of intestinal helminth infections. Strongylates form the core of the helminthocomplex of the digestive system, and the infestation of whole-hoofed animals with them and their share in the structure of the helminthocomplex both in the province and in individual administrative districts is the highest. The values of IP (invasion prevalence) and PCI (parasite complex index) of strongyloides vary by administrative regions from 53,3 and 69,1% to 95,2 and 80,8%, respectively, and amount to 87,8 and 77,8% on average in the Central Altai. It was found that in most areas, the infestation of whole-hoofed animals with helminths of the digestive system in general and nematodes of suborder Strongylata differs insignificantly. Infestation of whole-hoofed animals by Parascaris equorum and cestodes of suborder Anoplocephalata is registered in the region at 14,1 and 10,9% with PCI 12,5 and 9,7 respectively, which is 6-8 times lower than analogous indices for strongylatosis of animals. Reliable direct correlation between the release of strongylate eggs into the external environment and the index of animal infestation was established. The number of propagative forms released into the environment increases with increasing values of animal infestation with strongylates.

The results of the effect of complex phytopreparations on blood parameters in the treatment of dyspepsia in young cattle are presented. Three groups of newborn Hereford calves with signs of dyspepsia were used as the research material. The first experimental group was given the developed preparation № 1 (bird cherry fruit, eleutherococcus rhizome, camomile flowers, probiotic) 2 times a day at 12-hour intervals at the rate of 2 ml/kg of live weight; the 2nd - was given the developed preparation № 2 (bergenia rhizome, fennel leaf, calendula flowers, probiotic) 2 times a day at 12-hour intervals at the rate of 2 ml/kg of live weight. Animals of the control group were not given the studied preparations and were treated according to the scheme adopted at the farm (they were given boiled water with NaCl 9 g/boiled water, pancreatin, tetracycline. Prior to the experiment, all clinical signs of dyspepsia were noted in sick calves. After the application of herbal preparations in the experimental groups in 7 days normalization of leukocytes by 60.4 and 48.7%, respectively, was observed. The number of erythrocytes in all studied groups was within the normal range, the level of hemoglobin in the control group was registered 10% lower than normal and 20.5% lower than in the second group of animals. Hematocrit in the experimental groups corresponded to the norm (35.2 and 38.7%, respectively), in the control group it exceeded the norm by 26% (p < 0.01). The content of sodium and potassium in the blood serum in the control group was reduced by 44 and 17.1%, respectively, and in the experimental groups it was within the reference values. In the experimental groups, positive dynamics of normalization of calcium-phosphorus ratio and iron was noted. Glucose level significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 2.7% in the 1st experimental group and by 3.9% in the 2nd group. The data obtained indicate high effectiveness of the preparations (90 and 100% respectively) and a positive effect on the physiological parameters of the calves, as well as on the consumer qualities of the products.

The necessity of determining the sex in the bird's egg by non-invasive methods before incubation and during the incubation period is shown. The use of non-destructive methods for assessing sexual dimorphism in practice will significantly reduce the cost of producing eggs and poultry meat. The introduction of such methods will reduce the moral problems associated with the physical destruction of hatched chickens, depending on the egg or broiler direction of the poultry farm profile. The main methods and technical means for determining sexual dimorphism, used in world practice, are considered, the main disadvantage of which is the complexity of implementation and the associated high cost of acquiring such tools. Analysis of current world trends in the determination of sexual dimorphism of embryos in the poultry egg was carried out. Less costly methods of estimating their sex before and during incubation were identified. The main noninvasive methods for assessing the sexual dimorphism of the egg embryo are analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are shown. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time it was proposed to use all shape parameters, including egg asymmetries in three spatial coordinates, determined by computer vision methods, when assessing sexual dimorphism. An experimental colorimetric apparatus for assessing the sexual dimorphism of egg embryos before and during the incubation process based on computer vision was proposed. The use of an experimental setup in research will allow evaluating the effectiveness of at least 3 methods for determining the sexual dimorphism of chicken eggs in terms of parameters: spatial asymmetry of the egg, structural changes in the development of the embryo and its heart rate.

The problems and prospects of development of digital technologies in the agricultural sector of the Tyva Republic were studied. The use of digital technology remains extremely low in Tyva. The region significantly lags behind Russia as a whole and the Siberian Federal District in the development of digitalization processes. Challenges hindering the development of the information society in the Republic of Tyva are the presence of hard-to-reach settlements with complex geographical features; infrastructure restrictions in terms of registration (approval) of necessary documents and interaction with network organizations in the conclusion of contracts for technological connection to the power grid; lack of coverage and uncertain reception of mobile radio telephone communications in remote rural settlements of the Tyva Republic; lack of qualified specialists in information and telecommunication technologies, poor development of scientific and innovation potential; low skills in using information technologies; import dependence on imported software, technologies and equipment; digital inequality between municipalities. To improve the efficiency of agriculture in the region, it is necessary to introduce digital technologies into agricultural production: collecting data on sown areas and pastures, making digital maps of agricultural land, using remote-controlled sensors to monitor the quality of crops, the movement of agricultural vehicles and animals, etc. The use of digital technologies will promote the products of agricultural producers to the consumer, which will expand access to financial resources and markets due to the coordinated action of all parts of agricultural production. The main directions of digitalization of the industry were outlined and promising digital technologies for application in the agricultural sector of the Tyva Republic were specified.

The information is given about the Chinese ladies'-tresses Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames (Orchidaceae Lindl.), which is a promising species for use in the floriculture under conditions of the Primorsky Territory. In this region, the Chinese ladies'-tresses is found in almost all areas, but the known present-day locations have low number of populations. This decorative, long-blooming orchid propagates well vegetatively, tolerates drought, severe soil compaction, and is long-lived in grasses. Like other meadow species of orchids, the Chinese ladies'-tresses can grow in sunny places and in the penumbra, in combination with accompanying small plants. Limiting factors include disturbance of natural habitats as a result of extreme natural phenomena and anthropogenic impact. New locations of S. sinensis in the Primorsky Territory are described. Field studies were conducted in 2018-2021 by route reconnaissance method. Description of habitats and morphometric parameters of Chinese ladies'-tresses, analysis of herbarium specimens (VLA, VBGI, MW, MHA, LE) of this plant in the Russian Far East was carried out. In the Primorsky Territory, new habitats of the Chinese ladies'-tresses have been identified and five cenopopopulations have been described. The area of the plots ranged from 8 to 936 m², the number of flowering individuals was from 12 to 28 specimens, and the population density reached 5 specimens/m². The height of a flowering plant can reach 64 cm. The species is not included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation (2008) or in the Red Book of the Primorsky Territory (2008), so it can be used in the region for landscaping as a beautiful flowering herbaceous plant.

At present, the study of the enzymatic potential of Bacillus subtilis bacteria is in demand due to the fact that probiotic and enzymatic preparations are created on their basis for their use in animal husbandry. The results of the study of amylolytic activity of 10 isolates of B. subtilis bacteria isolated from wildlife microbiota for amylopectin are presented. Determination of bacterial enzyme activity was performed by the Schomodi-Nelson method. The supernatants of the culture liquid of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th day cultures were taken as enzyme preparation. Isolates with high qualitative indices were examined quantitatively using a spectrophotometer. The two isolates with the best performance were selected. Protein concentration was determined by the Bradford method. In addition to studying supernatants of isolates that showed extracellular enzymatic activity, studies were performed on intracellular enzymes. Cell destruction was performed using an ultrasonic disintegrator, in which the dissolved sediment was contained in a glass vial in a flask with ice. The best qualitative indicators were found in B. subtilis 2SP and B. subtilis 5SP isolates, which had high amylopectin activity from day one, so further quantitative studies were continued with them. Protein concentrations in the above isolates progressed by the days of seeding. The specific activity also increased accordingly and on day 7, the B. subtilis 2SP isolate was 2.75 units/mg, B. subtilis 5SP 2.67 units/mg. The study of the activity of intracellular enzymes in these isolates confirmed similar qualitative indicators. Two B. subtilis isolates were selected as promising for the development of enzyme preparations isolated from the microbiota of wild animals of the Far North.

The results of using DNA markers in the soybean breeding process to select photoperiod-neutral lines are presented. The studies were carried out in the foothill zone of the south-east of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of the scientific field station of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing in the conditions of 2020. The material for the study was 22 samples of soybean from ultra-early ripening (MG000) to middle late ripening (MGIII) groups used as parental forms for crosses and their 67 hybrid populations (generation F2-F4). DNA identification of the allelic variation of the E1, E3, E7 genes was carried out by PCR method using SSR markers. According to the results of DNA identification, ten samples of the most valuable parental forms of soybeans (carriers of two recessive alleles in the homozygous state e1e7) and 1 sample (the Maleta variety) carrying three recessive alleles e1e3e7 were identified. Based on the marker-associated selection from 355 individual plants of 67 hybrid populations, 9 plants carrying valuable recessive alleles e1e3e7 were isolated from such combinations as Zara x Maleta (hybrid population numbers: 1, 2, 7, 15) and Birlik x Rana (P-1) and 107 plants carrying valuable recessive е1е7 alleles from such populations as: Zara × Maleta (hybrid population numbers: 1, 9, 7, 13), Birlik x Hilario (P-10), Birlik × Toury (P-6), Birlik x Memory YuGK (P-5, M15 /2, M15/3, M15/4 and M20), Birlik x Pripyat (P-2), Lastochka × 234 (LT44/11, LT44/12). These samples can be sent for testing to the northern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan as the lines that are weakly sensitive to the photoperiod.