The results of the study of changes in winter wheat grain yield depending on the rotation length of crop rotations in the Lower Volga region are presented. As a result of 12 years of research (20082019) it was found that the maximum yield was obtained in four- and five-field crop rotations with the inclusion of leguminous crops - 2.73 and 2.79 t/ha, respectively. During the analysis of variance, different effects of growing conditions and rotation length on winter wheat yields were noted. The influence of vegetation conditions accounted for 98.6%. The effect of crop rotation was also significant (0.6%). Winter wheat grain yield significantly depended on the weather conditions, which allowed to fully evaluate the potential of winter wheat - fallow in crop rotations with a short rotation. When winter wheat was cultivated in four- and five-field crop rotations with the inclusion of leguminous crops, the yield increased both in wet and moderately wet years. With HTC greater than 0.9 in the five-field crop rotation the grain yield was 4.40 t/ha, in four-field - 4.31, in three-field - 4.02 t/ha. With HTC of 0.6 to 0.9 in four- and five-field crop rotations, the yield ranged from 2.78-2.84 t/ha, and in three-field crop rotations it was 2.52 t/ha. In dry years, no significant difference in winter wheat yield between crop rotations was found, which ranged from 0.98-1.07 t/ha. It can be concluded that winter wheat cultivation on the second field of short rotational crop rotations on fallow preceding crop in conditions of insufficient moisture is effective.

The purpose of the research is to find out the reaction of soybean plants to seed inoculation under different irrigation regimes (humidity not lower than 80% MWC (minimum water capacity) in the layers 0,4 and 0,6 m, differentiated by stages of growth and development water regime at the level of 70-8070% MWC in the layers 0,4 and 0,6 m) in the Lower Volga region conditions. The object of the study is soybean crops of the Volgogradka 2 variety selected by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture (VNIIOZ). The experiment was conducted in 2021 and 2022 on the experimental field of VNIIOZ. Geostim Fit G produced by Biotechagro (Timashevsk, Krasnodar Territory) was used asan inoculant at a concentration of 5-10 l/ha. For foliar feeding biopreparations, natural mineral bilator and fungicide Kolosal Pro were used. Based on the data obtained, it was found that the maximum increase in productivity (132%) was obtained by seed inoculation before sowing in the variant with a soil moisture level of 80% MWC. With differentiated water treatment, the productivity was 129% compared to the untreated control. Of the agents used during the growing season to control pathogens, preference should be given to biopreparations. The volume of the harvested grain was maximum (3.87 t/ha) in the control variant with soil moisture of 80% MWC and the use of seed inoculation. The second result in terms of productivity showed the variant with the use of natural mineral bilator (3.38 t/ha), the minimum yield (2.86 t/ha) was recorded in the case of using the chemical agent Kolosal Pro. The calculation of economic efficiency showed the profitability of soybean crops treatment with biological preparations. The scientific novelty of the study is that in the course of its implementation for the first time for the conditions of the Lower Volga region the efficiency of soybean cultivation was determined taking into account the influence of several factors at once: soil water regime, seed pre-sowing treatment with inoculants, treatment of plants during vegetation to control pathogens.

A comprehensive study of growth and biochemical composition of the Blagodatny variety tomato plants grown with the use of bacterial spores Bacillus cereus strain 96 under continuous LED lighting based on full spectrum photons in the proportion B: G: R: FR ~ 17: 23: 43: 17 was conducted. Plants grown with high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) without bacterial culture action were used as controls. A number of parameters reflecting plant growth and quality of tomato fruits were studied - the content of photosynthetic pigments, dry matter and organic acids. It was shown that during the growing season, tomato plants grown under LED illumination had a longer shoot length compared to the plants in the sodium variant. The action of the bacteria manifested itself during fruit ripening with significant differences under both sodium and LED lighting. The effect of dry matter under the influence of bacteria on the plants grown with sodium lighting did not differ from the control variant. The observed differences became more pronounced and reliably significant in the plants under LED lighting. Application of B. cereus bacterial culture increased the concentration of chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids compared to the control. When evaluating the effect of different types of lighting and the use of B. cereus bacteria on the accumulation of organic acids in fruits, it was found that LED lighting had a better effect on the synthesis of organic acids. Tomato plants treated with B. cereus were distinguished by the formation of fruits with a high content of succinic, malic and citric acids with a sodium type of lighting. When analyzing the fruits of tomato plants grown under LED lighting, a change in the accumulation of only succinic acid was noted. The use of different lighting sources and biofertilizers caused changes in the development of tomato plants under climate chamber conditions.

The results of the analysis of the influence of Izagri microelement fertilizers on safflower productivity in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region are presented. The studies were conducted in 2020-2022 in the Penza region (experimental field of the Penza Research Institute of Agriculture). The object of the study was safflower of the Ershovsky 4 variety. The experiment consisted in pre-sowing seed treatment with Izagri series of microfertilizers. Izagri preparations were found to increase the growth force of seeds up to 1.21-1.57 cm, germination by 1.1-8.8%, safety of plants for harvesting by 0.5-6.2%. Against the background of fertilizer application, safflower productivity averaged 1.30-1.55 t/ha for 3 years, i.e. increased by 0.06-0.25 t/ha. The greatest effect was produced by Izagri Force and Izagri Vita, which helped to obtain a yield increase of 0.23-0.25 t/ha. The highest oil content of seeds was observed in the variants with Izagri Azot (29.85%) and Izagri Bor (30.04%): the increase was 2.7 and 3.0% respectively. Application of these preparations reduced seed huskiness to 37.7 and 37.9%, respectively. The largest seeds were formed in the variant with Izagri Vita - weight of 1 thousand seeds was 39.16 g. Treatment with Izagri Phosphorus and Izagri Vita gave a slight decrease in oleic acid content (to 9.94 and 9.62%). At the same time, the use of Izagri Vita maximized the amount of linoleic acid (up to 83.63%). After using Izagri Force, the concentration of this acid decreased to 81.88%. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with microfertilizers from Izagri line improves the quality indicators of oilseeds and can act as a method to increase the productivity of safflower.

The results of evaluation of adaptive properties of released oat varieties of Siberian breeding by yield in the Priobskaya forest-steppe of Novosibirsk region are presented. The experiment was conducted on the experimental field of the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding in 2012-2021. The object of the study were 37 oat varieties included in the State Register of the Russian Federation and released in the West Siberian (№ 10) and East Siberian (№ 11) regions. Yield estimation and phenological observations were carried out according to the methodology of N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. For statistical data processing the method of B.A. Dospekhov was used. Potential productivity and adaptability of the varieties were determined by L.A. Zhivotkov et al. method, resistance of the varieties to stress conditions - by A.A. Goncharenko, the yield spread - by V.A. Zykin. Analysis of yields by groups of ripeness showed a natural tendency: as the growing season lengthens by groups of ripeness, the productivity potential also increases. The following varieties had high indicators of productivity potential in favorable years and adaptability to adverse environmental factors: Krasnoobsky, Mustang, Metis, Oven, Otrada, Talisman, Irtysh 21, SIR 4, Orion. The varieties Oven, Novosibirsk 5, CIR 4 showed high adaptability and stability. Four varieties were characterized by the ability to give not the maximum, but high stable yield under any conditions: Krupnozerny, Novosibirsk 88, Belozerny, and Korifey.

The results of the studies of conifers as a material for landscaping of settlements, and as an accent and dominant in decorative compositions or in mono-planting are presented. The expansion of coniferous plant assortment for landscape construction of southern Russia in the 2000s was noted due to the introduction of crops from other regions with different natural and climatic conditions. Newly planted crops are under stress, which has a negative effect on the immune status of the introduced plants. The results of the study of the species composition of sucking pests of coniferous plants in urban landscapes are presented. The world experience in the studies of urban landscapes shows the expansion of the species composition of pests from the order of homopterous insects (Homoptera). Phytosanitary monitoring of ornamental conifers in urban plantations and park areas in the Kuban zone of the central horticultural subzone of the Krasnodar Territory in 2012-2022 was conducted. As a result of these studies, the species diversity of sucking pests of coniferous plants in the region has been identified, their ranking by the type of feeding has been carried out, and a database is being compiled. It has been found that the dominant representatives of the superfamily Coccidae in the region are: European juniper scale insect (Carulaspis juniperi Bouché) and yew pseudo scale insect (Parthenolecanium pomeranicum Kawecki), and pine spindle scale insect (Anamaspis lowi Colvee). The regularities of food specialization of scales are of not only theoretical but also practical importance. Based on the research, the probable composition of pests on a newly introduced crop can be predicted. The resulting patterns are one of the theoretical foundations of pest control measures.

The effect of cavitated sunflower husk and lactic acid on the changes in the taxonomic profile of the rumen microbiome of ruminants in vitro was evaluated. Changes in the bacterial composition of the cicatricial fluid were determined by using the MiSeq sequencing method in a time exposure of 6-24 h. The objects of research were sunflower husk milled (0.01 cm) - control; cavitated: husk and water in a ratio of 1 : 3, treated with ultrasound; husk and lactic acid in a ratio of 1 : 3 - cavitated husk + lactic acid. The obtained samples after drying at 105 ºC were used in in vitro studies with rumen fluid on an incubator (analog of artificial rumen). Selection of the rumen fluid in cattle was carried out through a chronic fistula. The age of animals - 12 months, the breed - Kazakh white-headed. Administration of cavitated sunflower husks alone or together with lactic acid after 6 h increased the number of bacteria belonging to the Flavobacteriia class by 5.43 and 3.93%, Elusimicrobia by 3.77 and 3.98%, Gammaproteobacteria by 11.75 and 10.07% and decreased the number of Bacteroidia by 5.72 and 2.63%, Clostridia by 3.26 and 2.20% relative to the control. In contrast, in the 12-24 h exposure time, there was an increase in Bacteroidia class bacteria by 3.30-4.90 and 8.29-11.28%, Clostridia by 1.66-1.50 and 2.74-3.27% relative to the control.

Studies on the effectiveness of the use of fodder meal of own production prepared from poultry waste as an ingredient of diets for feeding broiler chickens are presented. Scientific-economic and physiological experiments were carried out under production conditions in the Novosibirsk region in 2021, 2022. The object of the study were broiler chickens of the Ross-308 cross from 5 to 40 days of age. In the diet of the control group meat and bone meal in the amount of 5% of the diet structure was used, which in the two experimental groups was replaced by animal fodder meal of own production sterilized at different temperature regimes. In the 1st experimental group young animals consumed fodder meal sterilized at 135 °С, in the 2nd experimental group - at 150 ◦С. Sterilization was carried out in the boiler BC 10,000. The data obtained indicate that the live weight of broiler chickens was high in all groups, with the young birds of the control and 1st experimental groups significantly exceeded the 2nd experimental group by 3.1 and 2.6% (p <0.05) in terms of live weight. Energy of growth, keeping stock and feed expenses were close in all groups and were at the level of 71.1-73.4 g, 97.0-98.0% and 1.49-1.56 kg per 1 kg of growth respectively. Digestibility of crude protein and fat was high, differences between groups were insignificant. Digestibility of crude fiber was almost the same in the control and 1st experimental groups, in the 2nd experimental group it decreased by 1% relative to the control (p < 0.05). The maximum slaughter yield of meat (75.8%) was observed in the 1st experimental group, while in the control group this indicator was slightly lower (by 2.3%). In the 2nd experimental group, it was lower compared to the control and 1st experimental groups by 3.0 (p < 0.05) and 4.3% (p < 0.01), respectively. In the 2nd experimental group, the productivity index was lower compared to the other groups. Economic efficiency was high in all groups, but production efficiency increased by 16% when feed flour sterilized at 135 0C was fed to young animals.

The results of the classification of infectious diseases of farm animals spread on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the period 2001-2021 are presented. It was found that there were 42 nosological units of animal diseases involved in the epizootic process on the territory of Yakutia. Infections in cattle are caused by 18 types of pathogens, horses - 12, reindeer - 4, pigs - 10, birds - 11, small ruminants - 3, fur-bearing animals - 7, other types of animals - 9. According to the OIE classification, 10 nosoforms of diseases are common in Yakutia: rabies, brucellosis, viral hemorrhagic septicemia, equine infectious anemia, avian infectious bronchitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, paratuberculosis, pasteurellosis and tuberculosis. Diseases not on the OIE list, including Marek’s disease, swine dysentery, colibacillosis, parvoviral enteritis, salmonellosis, diamond-skin disease, blackleg were registered. A number of nosoforms common in Yakutia belong to particularly dangerous diseases for which restrictive measures (quarantine) may be imposed. These include actinomycosis, rabies, brucellosis, infectious equine anemia, avian infectious bronchitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine leukosis, leptospirosis, paratuberculosis, diamond-skin disease, tuberculosis and canine distemper virus. A number of diseases (Marek’s disease, carnivorous infectious hepatitis, bovine leukosis, horse strangles, avian ornithosis, egg drop syndrome, diamond-skin disease, and blackleg) are peculiar to only one species of animals. Many infections are characterized by the persistence of the pathogen in different species of farm and small domestic animals, birds and wildlife, which determines the interspecies degree of epizootic danger of these infections. Infections of bacterial etiology (bacterioses) prevail in Yakutia with 21 nosoforms. Viral diseases (viroses) are represented by 15 nosoforms, mycoplasmosis and chlamydia - one each. The most numerous infections are those with the main alimentary, or fecal-oral, route (22 diseases). Ten infections, including infectious atrophic rhinitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, distemper, are classified as airborne or respiratory (major) pathogen transmission. Transmissive carry-over (by vectors) is characterized by actinomycosis and infectious equine anemia; through the outer covers (without the participation of vectors) - 5 diseases, including balanoposthitis and rabies. The majority of the infections are characterized by one or more additional mechanisms of transmission (rabies, Marek’s disease, bovine leukemia, diamond-skin disease, etc.) in addition to the main mechanism of transmission of the pathogen. According to the source of the causative agent for all diseases (ktenonoses) they are domestic animals, but for such infections as rabies, Marek’s disease, viral hemorrhagic septicemia, leptospirosis and others, along with domestic animals, wild animals are an additional source (ktenotherionoses). In terms of susceptibility, most infections (30) belong to zoonoses peculiar only to animals; the remaining 12 belong to the more dangerous zooanthroponoses common to animals and humans.

The results of the study of blood serum biochemistry and bactericidal activity of the herd replacements sheep of the Tsigai breed, grown in the Prisivash lowland of the Crimean Peninsula are presented. Blood samples were processed in certified laboratories of the organizations of the Republic of Crimea in 2020-2022. Blood serum parameters were determined on the basis of 12 samples of rams and 12 samples of gimmers. A Vitalab Flexor E photometric analyzer was used to process biochemical parameters, a Multiskan thermostatically controlled device was used to process bactericidal activity of blood serum. The animals showed normal creatinine and urea levels: 87.5 ± 0.7 and 6.6 ± 0.2 mmol/l in rams, respectively, and 85.5 ± 1.2 and 6.4 ± 0.4 mmol/l in gimmers. The reduced glucose level (1.6 ± 0.1...1.7 ± 0.1 mmol/l) in the blood serum of young animals is probably related to active exercise in hot weather. The observed amount of transamination enzymes caused an increase in the Ritis coefficient in rams up to 2.5 units, in gimmers up to 3.8 units, which indicates the load on the heart muscle of the animals during long walks in the heat. Potassium content near the lower normal limits (4.3 ± 0.01...4.7 ± 0.1 mmol/l) and slightly reduced phosphorus level (1.3 ± 0.01...1.2 ± 0.01 mmol/l) indicate the need for additional supplementation of growing young animals with mineral premixes in summer period. Average BSBA values increased in gimmers, significantly exceeding this index in comparison with rams by 45.826.6 abs.% (p ≤ 0.001). In rams, the highest BSBA values were observed for S. aureus at 10 hours of exposure (36.82 ± 2.19%), while the growth of E. coli was suppressed to 7.23 ± 1.34%, which is, among other things, the factor provoking digestive problems. In the gimmers, a satisfactory skin condition was recorded due to the high level of BSBA against S. aureus (up to 35.30 ± 2.64% at 10 hours of exposure).

The results of the experiment on the use of functional additive in the diet of growing quails on the basis of natural organomineral complex (sapropel) enriched with wheat bran, coniferous flour, pine nut shells and enzyme preparation Fitbest WP are presented. The experiment lasting 60 days was conducted according to the standard methodology on Japanese quails. For the experiment, two similar groups of 60 birds each (one control and one experimental group) were formed at one day of age. Both groups received basic mixed fodder corresponding to the physiological characteristics and age of the quails. In the ration of young animals of the experimental group 10% of the wheat mass was replaced by a functional additive consisting of sapropel (50%), wheat bran (20%), coniferous flour (15%) and pine nutshells (15%), enriched with the enzyme preparation Fitbest WP (100 g/t mixed fodder) designed to increase the absorption of phytate phosphorus. The birds were kept in a cage battery under the required microclimate conditions. The effect of feeding the experimental additive on the following indicators of quail chickens was studied: safety, average daily gain of live weight, meat productivity and meat quality, biochemical composition of blood. Introduction of the functional additive on the basis of natural premix (sapropel) into the mixed fodder of quails increased the safety of birds by 2.00%, live weight gain by 6.97% with no significant differences in the consumption of mixed fodder per unit production. The meat of the poultry that consumed the functional additive increased the dry matter content by 0.85%, ash by 0.61%, calcium and phosphorus by 1.05 and 1.30 times (p < 0.05). Intergroup differences in protein content and fat content were insignificant. Hematological parameters of quail chickens in the experimental groups corresponded to the physiological norm.

The results of the studies of quails kept on diets using subcutaneous fat of pigs bred in Siberia in feed additives, different in morphological, chemical composition, as well as organoleptic qualities, are presented. The following parameters were studied: growth rate, viability, egg laying rate, biochemical blood characteristics (triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic index, free radical oxidation and antioxidants levels). The following breeds were studied: Kemerovo (K) and Pietrain (P) and their fat. In breed K, the fat thickness was 35.1 mm; in breed P, 21.1 mm, saturated fatty acids (SFA) in fat were 41.56 and 38.28%, respectively, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) - 15.18 and 19.42%, linoleic acid 15.08 and 19.22%, cholesterol 0.16 and 0.26%. The organoleptic qualities of the fat were 3.9 and 2.4 points, respectively. The fat of these pig breeds, as well as sunflower oil (control), was added to the feed of quail chickens of three groups of 60 individuals each up to 23 weeks of age (3.0 - 3.5% of the weight of the diet). The quails that received K-breed fat grew faster, they had higher egg production, and the average egg weight. In the quails treated with fat of breed P containing a high level of total cholesterol, rich in PUFA and linoleic acid, there were significantly more low-density lipoproteins in the blood serum (44.9 ± 9.01mg / dl versus 29.0 ± 5.51 in group K and 28.6 ± 4.81 in the control), higher peroxidation lipids and the highest atherogenic index. The data obtained indicate that the fat of breed K is more useful for animal nutrition than the fat of pigs of breed P and may be a priority in human nutrition. This provides the basis for testing and confirming the results obtained in humans, as well as for pig breeding in the direction of improving the fatty acid composition of meat and fat in the direction of increasing the concentration of saturated fatty acids.