Recently, much attention has been paid to the problem of ecological farming in agricultural produc tion due to the increased interest in the production of safe products. The article presents the results of analyzing the dynamics of soil enzyme activity of hydrolases and oxidoreductases class at pre-sowing inoculation of winter triticale seeds (X Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) of the Bilinda variety with complex microbial preparations based on associative diazotrophic microorganisms. The following microbial preparations were used in the experiment: Flavobacterin (Flavobacterium sp., strain 30), Mizorin (Arthrobacter mysorens, strain 7), Agrophil (Agrobacterium radiobacter, strain 10), Rizobact RZHF (Corynebacterium sp., strain PBT 7) and FZHF (Pseudomonas sp., strain PBT 4). Soil samples were collected at three dates, which corresponded to the phases of booting, earing and wax ripeness. An increase in the urease activity was detected in the wax ripeness phase. The maximum level of the enzyme was recorded in the variants with application of Flavobacterin (30.7 mg NH3 per 10 g of soil) and Rizobact FZHF (30.2 mg NH3 per 10 g of soil). In the same phase, maximum phosphatase values were observed in the variant with application of Mizorin (2.9 mg P2 O5 ), and invertase in the variants with application of Agrophil (15.6 mg glucose) and Rizobact RZHF (16.7 mg glucose). The highest concentration of catalase was observed at the earing phase when Agrophil and Flavobacterin were used (respectively 3.8 and 3.4 ml of O2 released in 2 min per 1 g of soil). High rates of plant height and ear productivity were obtained in the variant with inoculation with Flavobacterin preparation. The increase relative to the control in this case amounted to: by plant height – 5.63%, by ear length – 5.3%, by number of grains – 16.7%, by grain weight per ear – 41.4%.

The results of barley evaluation by adaptability parameters and their ranking in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Central Siberia in 2016–2023 are presented. The objects of research were 11 re leased barley varieties of early and modern selection. The soil of the experimental field was ordinary minor chernozem. The forecrop was complete fallow. Humus content in the plough-layer averaged 5.9%, nitrate nitrogen was 9.2 mg/kg of soil, phosphorus was 21.1, 13.9 mg/kg. In terms of mois ture availability, the growing seasons of 2016, 2017, 2021 and 2022 were characterized by sufficient moisture (HTC 1.36–1.51), whereas 2018 and 2023 were dry with HTC of 0.73–0.82. The experiment was repeated four times, the method of comparison was paired. Sowing was carried out in the optimal dates for the crop – May 20–25 with a seeding rate of 5.5 million germinating grains/ha. According to the results of the conducted research the highest yield (37.5–39.9 c/ha) was shown along with the new varieties Abalak, Takmak, Oplot by the old variety Krasnoyarsky 80. The genotypes Krasnoyarsky 80, Oplot, and Emelya can be classified as intensive varieties (bi = 1.15–1.34), whereas Bakhus, Olenek, Abalak, and Takmak were characterized by broad ecological adaptation (bi = 0.96–1.05). The six-row variety Agul 2 of early selection responded less than others to variability of the growing conditions (bi = 0.47), which is associated with its early maturity. Varieties Krasnoyarsky 80, Abalak and Takmak positively combined high productivity (37.5–39.9 kg/ha) with increased stability (σd 2 = 1.3–4.3). The varieties Abalak, Takmak, Agul 2 had the highest selection value (Sc = 13.1-15.0) according to the complex of adaptive properties. Further breeding of spring barley for increased adaptability will be accompanied by an increase in yield stability of the created varieties.

A mass spectrometric study to clarify the polyphenolic composition of blueberry Vaccinium uligi nosum L. berries sampled at eight geographical locations in the Magadan region during the expedition in August 2023 is presented. The method of tandem mass spectrometry (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ion trap) was applied in the study, which allows to identify with high accuracy the composition of chemical compounds of the studied object. Chemical compounds were identified by comparing their retention index, mass spectra and MS fragmentation with an in-house database based on the data from other spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, as well as the data from scientific literature. The presence of 134 compounds was identified, of which 114 compounds represent the group of polyphe nols with 20 additional compounds of other chemical groups being also identified. 46 compounds of polyphenolic group have been identified for the first time in the Vaccinium uliginosum berry extracts (5 flavones, 13 flavanols, 6 flavan-3-ols, 10 anthocyanins, 5 phenolic acids, 2 stilbene, 4 couma rin, 1 lignan). These are the flavones formononetin, nepetin, cirsilineol, herbacetin, syringetin; flavo nols isoramnetin, rhamnetin II, myricetin, mersetin, avicularin, isoramnetin 3-O-glucoside, myricetin 3-O-glucoside; flavan-3-ols afzelechin, epiafzelechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin; a large group of anthocyanins: delphinidin O-pentoside, delphinidin 3-O-xyloside, delphinidin 3-O-hexoside, malvi din pentoside, malvidin 3-O-hexoside, dihydrochalcone ploretin, 2 stilbenes (3-hydroxyresveratrol and resveratrol), 4 coumarins (umbelliferone, scopoletin, fraxetin, umbelliferone hexoside), lignan syringarezinol, etc. Compounds of other chemical groups identified for the first time in the Vaccinium uliginosum berry extracts are stearidonic acid, myristoleic acid, linolenic acid, sebacic acid, glucaric acid, shikimic acid, vebonol, sespendol. In total, the newly obtained knowledge allows expanding the use of Vaccinium uliginosum extracts both for various nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes, as well as in the development of new effective dietary supplements to maintain public health.

European bird cherry and common chokeberry are among the most winter-hardy fruit plants. These species are moisture-loving but tolerate lack of moisture relatively well. This paper evaluates the methods of the simplest and most efficient technologies for growing the planting material. One of the available ways to propagate bird cherry is green cuttings with the use of various growth stimulants. The solution of potassium humate available in free realization as a stimulant of root formation in green cut tings of the selected samples of bird cherry was tested. The effect of solutions of biogenic ferrihydrite nanoparticles in pure form and doped with manganese (Feh + Mn), cobalt (Feh + Co), silicon (Feh + Si) was investigated in comparison with humates. Citric acid was used to prevent aggregation and in crease the stability of the colloidal solution of nanoparticles. It was found that application of humates has high efficiency on the cuttings of different forms and varieties of bird cherry. It was determined that the rooting ability of green cuttings of different varieties and forms of bird cherry treated with nanoparticle solutions differs depending on the doping metal. The positive response of the cuttings treated with solutions of ferrihydrite nanoparticles in different modification was observed. Among the studied modifications of nanoparticles, cobalt-doped ferrihydrite had the best effect on the percentage of rooting and quality of the root system of the planting material of the hard-to-root hybridized variety Rosovaya Mechta. The lowest rooting rate (about 52%) in this cultivar was observed in the variant treated with a solution of pure ferrihydrite nanoparticles, the highest (90%) in the variant treated with a solution of cobalt-doped ferrihydrite nanoparticles. In the variant with ferrihydrite doped with manga nese and silicon, the rooting rate of the cuttings was lower by 6 and 9% compared to the control variant (about 83%), in which the cuttings were treated with 3% potassium humate solution.

Industrial production of quality rubber products stimulates the demand for natural Indian rubber. In the long term, it will not be possible to satisfy the demand for natural Indian rubber by using only Brazilian hevea. Additional sources of plant latex are required. The most promising in terms of the In dian rubber content in roots and suitability for mass cultivation is the Central Asian plant – kok-saghyz dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin), which has a long history of introduction into domestic plant breeding in the first half of the twentieth century. Extensive fields of kok-saghyz were created in many regions of the USSR, which provided Indian rubber raw material for the industry. At the same time the work on improvement of the cultivation methods, selection of the most productive forms and technologies of synthesis of artificial Indian rubber was carried out. The experience of field experiment of kok-saghyz dandelion cultivation in Russia from 1932 to 1958 has been summarized. The biological features of the species, methods of cultivation, and seed collection have been described. The results of experimental cultivation of kok-saghyz in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, which began in 2022, are presented. Seeds of two populations of kok-saghyz (Sumskaya K-265 and Chernigovskaya K-430) became the material for the research. As a result of the research, the method of dandelion cultivation by the seedling method in the open ground has been mastered in the condi tions of the Novosibirsk region. The need to obtain seedlings in advance is related to the need to form the maximum number of plants by creating good greenhouse conditions for seeds and seedlings. The morphometric indices of the aboveground mass and root system of different populations of kok-saghyz dandelion have been studied. The first experience showed that there are prospects for successful culti vation of kok-saghyz dandelion in an open ground. Efforts should be directed to study the ecological requirements of the species, developmental biology, to work on the development of high-yielding forms of kok-saghyz and development of the cultivation techniques for obtaining quality plant raw materials.

The article presents the results of testing the fiber flax varieties (G1, Tomsky-16), (G2, Grant), (G3, Alizee), (G4, Betertelsdorf 6884/60), (G5, Dukat), (G6, Mayak) for four traits (yield of straw, flax straw, fiber, seeds) and adaptability. The agroecological study of fiber flax varieties was carried out in two environmental conditions of the Tyumen region (E1 – northern forest-steppe, Omutinsky district, 56°45' N, 67°70' E, E2 – taiga, Tobolsk district, 58°11' N 68°15' E). Reliable differences (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) in productivity were established between the varieties. The maximum straw yield (563.3 ± 8.45 – 466.9 ± 10.30 g/m2) was revealed in genotypes G1, G3 under E2 conditions, the yield of flax straw – G3, G1 (504.2 ± 15.32 – 391.2 ± 10.44 g/m²) in E2, the yield of fiber – G3 (300.4, ± 4.61 g/m²) in E2, the yield of seeds – G1, G6 (88.1 ± 3.60 – 87.5 ± 1.18 g/m²) in the E2 environment, while in two points high yield of straw and flax straw was noted in G1 and G3. According to the analysis of variance, the contribution of the genotype to the overall variability of straw (54.8%) and seed (61.2%) yields in the E2 environment was reliably significant (p < 0.05; p < 0.01); environmental conditions influenced the formation of seed yields in both ecological points (36.1–29.8%). It was revealed that in the structure of genotype-environment interaction, the first two principal components (IPCA) determined 69.9% of the variation in straw yield, 81.8% of the flax straw yield, 81.5% of the fiber yield, 86.8% of the seeds yield in these environmental conditions. Using the selection index (GSI), the most stable genotypes were identified in terms of straw yield (E1 – G1, G3; E2 – G1, G2), flax straw (E1 – G1, G3; E2 – G1, G3), f iber (E1 – G1; E2 – G3), and seeds (E1 – G4, G6; E2 – G1, G6). The genotypes that showed high yield and stability according to the complex analysis can be recommended for use in adaptive selection, as well as for cultivation in the studied agroecological points of the Tyumen region.

The paper analyses the species composition of predatory bugs (Hemiptera) on the territory of West ern Siberia. The review of hemipterofauna includes zoophytophages and zoophages that are important in limiting the number of pests. Rough estimates in the conditions of the region include predatory families of Hemiptera: Nabidae – 27, Anthocoridae – 32, Reduviidae – 27, Miridae – 86, Lygaeidae – 24, Pentatomidae – 10 species. Three bug families of particular interest concerning the biological control are the Nabidae, Anthocoridae and Miridae. The most promising species of Western Siberia include Nabis (Nabis) ferus, Nabis (Nabis) punctatus, Nabis (Nabis) brevis, Nabis (Dolichonabis) lim batus, Nabis (Nabicula) flavomarginatus, Himacerus (Himacerus) apterus; Orius majusculus, Orius (Heterorius) laticolis subsp. laticolis , Orius (Heterorius) minutus, Anthocoris confusus, Anthocoris nemorum, Elatophilus nigrellus, Temnostethus (Temnostethus) gracilis, Orius (Heterorius) horvathi, Orius (Heterorius) vicinus, genus Xylocoris; Dicyphus (Brachyceroea) globulifer, Dicyphus orienta lis, Dicyphus (Dicyphus) stachydis. The families Pentatomidae and Reduviidae are distinguished by lower species diversity in Western Siberia: Arma custos, Troilus luridus, Rhacognathus punctatus, Zicrona caerulea, Picromerus bidens, Jalla dumosa, Jalla subcalcarata; Pygolampis bidentata, Cor anus spiniscutis, Rhynocoris (Rhynocoris) iracundus. It is noted that the studies on the occurrence and effectiveness of most species are extremely limited. For the individual species, data on the possibility of their laboratory rearing and use as biological plant protection agents are given.

The aftereffect of Lumax herbicide applied to corn crop on weed vegetation and yields of soybean, wheat and buckwheat was studied. The studies were carried out in 2021 and 2022 in the Primorsky Territory. The soil of the experimental plots was meadow–brown podzolized, containing 3–4% of hu mus in the plough-layer. The herbicide was applied before sprouting and in the 2–3 leaf phase in corn in 2020 and 2021 at the recommended (4.0 l/ha) and twice (8.0 l/ha) the recommended application rates. Growing seasons 2021 and 2022 were characterized by uneven precipitation. Daytime tempera tures on most days in July and early August reached 28–36 ºC. When sowing wheat and soybean in the experimental plot on the variants with Lumax herbicide application, annual weed plants germinated less than in the control. This was the result of the high efficacy of the drug in the year of application, which reduced seed inputs to the soil. Lumax herbicide inhibited the growth and development of wormwood, the number of which was 53–81% lower than in the herbicide-free variant. The residual phytotoxic effect of Lumax herbicide on wheat and buckwheat yields was revealed. Regardless of the timing of its application and rates of consumption, the yield of buckwheat green mass was lower than in the control by 15–27 c/ha. 14.8 c/ha of wheat grain was harvested on the variant of pre-emergence application of Lumax at twice the recommended rate of consumption, while the yield in the control was 16.6 c/ha.

In the course of the study, the dynamics of the number of the main types of farm animals on the territory of the Voronezh region for the last 108 years was determined (1916–2023). A tendency to decrease the total number of cattle including cows up to 2010 was detected, which was the reason for the importation of foreign breeds. The data showed that many dairy farms in Russia started to develop specialized beef cattle breeding in parallel under the conditions of the stall system using old recon structed barns. The indicators of meat productivity of the Limousin breed of cattle under stall keeping in the conditions of the Voronezh region have been studied. According to the results of the study, steers in all technological periods were superior to heifers in live weight and, accordingly, in terms of average daily and gross gain. The average daily gain in steers for 570 days of growing, rearing and fattening amounted to 1039.8 g, which is 606.0 g more than in heifers. Heavy carcasses were obtained when slaughtering steers. Additional fattening of steers during a month allowed to increase their live weight by 24.7 kg, slaughter weight increased by 23.5 kg and slaughter yield by 1.2%. Carcasses of steers were characterized by low internal fat content (2.5–3.7 kg). All carcasses had high evaluation characteristics and corresponded to class A, the "Super" category. According to the calculation of economic efficiency, beef production from the Limousin steers under the conditions of stall housing system allows to maintain the profitability of production at the level of 26.1%.

The paper presents the results of research aimed at identifying bacterial carriers in the Siberian weasel living in the Trans-Baikal Territory. The studied material was obtained in the Akshinsky mu nicipal district of the Trans-Baikal Territory as a result of seasonal hunting. A total of 7 strains of mi crobial cultures were obtained. Morphological, cultural, tinctorial, biochemical, as well as pathogenic properties and their relationship to various antibiotics were studied in all the isolated microbial strains. Based on the analysis and comparison with the classical characteristics of the biological properties of the isolated microbial cultures, the circulation of the following microorganisms Listeria monocyto genes, Escherichia coli, Staphilococcus aureus with classical biological properties were found in the Siberian weasel. Pathogenic properties were observed in the strains of Escherichia coli and Staphilo coccus aureus. It was not possible to isolate microbial cultures from parenchymal organs in three weasels, as the animals turned out to be sterile. All the isolated bacterial strains had hemolytic activity. The Escherichia coli strain caused the death of laboratory white mice. In our opinion, these microor ganisms can cause the disease escherichiosis in the population of the Siberian weasel and cause the deaths of a significant number of these animals. Thus, the bacterial cultures isolated in the course of the research from the Siberian weasel have epizootic and epidemic significance, they can cause the development of acute infectious diseases in representatives of wild fauna, as well as in humans. The obtained results can be used in long-term forecasting of the occurrence of infectious diseases in the population of wild animals, epizootological geographical demarkation of the territory of the region, when developing a plan of veterinary and preventive measures in hunting farms and on publicly accessible hunting grounds.

Rational feeding, balanced in nutritional elements, is necessary to maximize milk productivity and to obtain economic outcome from the dairy herd. Keeping parameters, environmental conditions, and feeding errors in dairy cows affect herd productivity and health. In the spring-summer period of 2022 cows showed signs of metabolic disorders, acetonimic effect, which affected the production indicators of the dairy herd. In the course of the conducted research, it was established that the change of metabolic processes, decrease of milk productivity and production indicators was caused by violation of the fee- ding norms (decrease of feed mixture palatability by 20%, lack of nutrient intake from 9 to 49%), pre dominance of concentrate type of feeding. As a result, blood biochemical indices were changed relative to physiologic value: glucose level was reduced by 9%, microelements and vitamins up to 2 times, alkaline reserve was at the lower limit, ketone bodies level was increased. The level of culling of cows amounted to 3%, 2/3 of the culled cows showed signs of intoxication of internal organs. The ration struc ture was adjusted: the amount of roughage was increased, the amount of concentrates and high-protein additives was reduced, energy and mineral supplements were additionally applied. As a result of these measures, feed palatability increased by 19% and nutrient intake increased by 35–45% relative to the previous period. The increase in average daily milk yield amounted to 10%, cow wastage decreased, and the number of cases of intoxication of internal organs decreased more than 2 times.  The economic effect from the change of the ration and additional application of fodder means amounted to +18 rubles.

The article presents data on the epizootic situation of avian influenza (AI) in Russia and in the world for the general assessment of the risks of outbreaks of AI in cattle in Russia, as well as the results of testing the effectiveness of the methods of virus RNA isolation from milk for molecular di agnostics. There has been a trend of a global increase in the number of AI outbreaks not only in birds but also in mammals, including humans. Of particular concern to the scientific community is the out break of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) subtype H5N1 in cattle in the United States reported in February 2024. Since notification began, the total number of infected animals has exceeded 80 animals. In this situation, the potential threat to human health is posed by the presence of the virus in high concentrations in cow's milk. The study was conducted in 2024. Data on the AI outbreaks from the World Animal Health Information System were used to describe the epizootic pattern of the HPAI virus. Laboratory studies have been conducted using commercial kits designed for RNA extraction from biological material based on nucleic acid sorption on silica gel surface and magnetic separation available on the Russian market. The efficiency of RNA isolation was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The data of the epizootic situation on AI indicate the need for careful monitoring of the virus spread among birds and mammals. Despite the low risk of Influenza A detection among cattle in Russia, it is necessary to maintain a high level of preparedness for diagnostic tests. A commercial kit for RNA isolation based on magnetic sorption followed by reverse transcription with a commercial kit “REVERTA-L” and RT-PCR according to FLI protocol, Germany (Friedrich Loeffler Institute) showed optimal results for milk testing for AI.

The results of invitral studies of aqueous extracts of medicinal plant raw materials (chamomile f lowers – flores chamomillae; calendula flowers – flores calendula; common fennel seeds – semen foeniculumvulgare; amaranth seeds – semen amaranthus) are presented. Antibiotic sensitivity was assessed in accordance with MG 4.2. 1890–04. 2004 including sequential execution of the following steps: preparation of the extracts, nutrient media, suspension of the tested culture of Escherichia coli (isolated from calves), inoculation, incubation, recording and interpretation of the results. The expe- riment was performed using the diffusion method (comparison with a reference for intestinal micro organisms of 0.93*10⁹ cells/ml, which was suspended in sterile physiological solution, brought to a concentration of 2 x 10² CFU/ml by the McFarland turbidity standard).  It was found out that aqueous extracts of the studied plant raw materials showed different levels of antimicrobial activity against the tested bacterial culture of Escherichia coli under in vitro conditions. Calendula and chamomile ex tracts showed the highest potential for antimicrobial action. The change in the diameter of the growth retardation zone of the study crop as a function of concentration (25, 50, 75 and 100%) showed that the inhibitory activity was significantly increased and varied in calendula extract from 21.8–47.8% (р < 0.01); chamomile extract from 17.6–35.3% (р < 0.05); amaranth seeds from 18.8 to 31.3% and fennel seeds from 8.3 to 16.6% (р < 0.05). Average inhibitory activity was observed in the extract of f lores calendula with 23.0 ± 1.43 mm, low level of inhibitory activity was recorded in the extract of semen foeniculumvulgare at 25% concentration with a growth retardation zone of 10.0 ± 0.11 mm. The data of the present research will be taken into account in our further scientific work in the development of phytobiotic means as an alternative to chemical antimicrobial agents, the prevention of drug resis tance of bacteria and in the complex antibacterial therapy of gastrointestinal diseases of young farm animals meeting the needs of practical animal husbandry.

The article presents the results of justification of a technological scheme of technical means for the application of liquid mineral fertilizers (LMF) into the soil during the cultivation of agricultural crops. It was found that the formation of the structure of this technical means is based on the construction of its functional-structural model which is based on the definition of the composition of functions and functional model of the future product, the search for variants of technical solutions for functions, the construction of the structural model of the developed technical means, and at the final stage on the evaluation and selection of the variants of working bodies (technical solutions) and promising technological schemes of the future technical means. Due to the identification of cause-and-effect relations between specific technological operations to be performed by the technical means, as well as technological and technical solutions, the composition of its functions has been determined, including transportation of the LMF stock, ensuring the specified application rate, distribution of the LMF on the working bodies and in the application strip. The structural scheme of the technical means for in-soil application of the LMF at the level of graph models of the "tree" type with representation of contours and specific interrelationships between the elements of the structure is substantiated. The prospec tive variant of the technological scheme is reproduced by complex indicators using numerical values of weight coefficients (significance) of quality indicators of technological processes performance. This variant includes a frame-mounted LMF tank, filtering devices, shut-off and metering equipment (pump, pressure regulator, pressure gauge), distributing rod, connected by hydro-communications with the device for creation of the LMF gas-liquid mixture and a multiflow liquid divider, which largely prevents clogging of atomizer openings.

The article presents the results of research to substantiate the basic parameters of a rod covering roller for a cultivator for applying fertilizers for flat-cut processing. A calculation diagram of the process of interaction of the working body of the roller with the soil and equations for assessing the influence of the roller parameters on traction resistance are presented. It has been found that the vertical load on the rods located in the soil is distributed unevenly. The most loaded bar is the one located at the point of the instantaneous center of rotation. The traction resistance of the roller depends on its mass, diameter and the pitch of the rods around the perimeter. With an increase in the mass of the roller, its diameter and the pitch of the bars along the perimeter, the traction resistance increases. The results of experimental studies of a laboratory installation with the variants of a bar compacting roller are presented. The de pendences of the influence of roller parameters and speed on the quality of crumbling of the soil surface layer and stubble preservation are obtained. The parameters of the compacting roller are substantiated and the results of field tests of the mock-up samples of rollers with cultivators for the application of mineral fertilizers for flat-cut processing on a fallow and stubble field are presented. Based on the re search results, the diameter of the press roller is determined to be 490–500 mm, the diameter of the rod is 22–24 mm, the minimum pitch between the rods 140 mm, specific weight of the roller 260 kg/m, the amount of additional loading of the roller by suspension springs is 2.4–2.5 KN/m of the roller width. At an operating speed of the unit of 2.3–2.6 m/s, a roller with reasonable parameters ensures crum bling of the surface layer on the fallow field at the level of 62–70%, and on the stubble field, stubble preservation is 63–68%. Laboratory and field studies using a laboratory setup confirmed the theoretical dependences of the influence of the roller diameter, the pitch between the bars and the speed of move ment on the traction resistance of the bar press roller. According to the criterion of traction resistance, the diameter of the compacting roller is 490–500 mm, the diameter of the rod is 22–24 mm, and the minimum pitch between the rods is 140 mm, the specific load of the roller on the soil and the amount of additional loading of the roller by suspension springs is 2.4–2.5 kN/m of the roller width.