The study explores the application of vegetation indices derived from remote sensing for forecasting spring wheat yield using machine learning methods. The test site was a field experiment on intensive spring wheat cultivation conducted from 2019 to 2023 at the plot located in the Novosibirsk region. The soil type is leached chernozem. Annual Sentinel-2 satellite images with a spatial resolution of 10 meters per pixel for the June-July period were used. A preliminary analysis of the relationship between vegetation indices and wheat yield using four methods revealed that the most significant indices, with the highest integral importance values, were NDVI (0.63), GCI (0.47), RECI, NGRDI, and NDRE (0.40). To develop yield forecasting models, Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Support Vector Regression (SVR) were used. The models used three datasets: the full set (21 vegetation indices), a selected subset (5 vegetation indices), and a single-index set (NDVI only). The best results were achieved with the XGBoost model, which demonstrated high efficiency (R² = 0.75) for both the five-index subset and the NDVI-only dataset, with the latter achieving the lowest mean absolute error (MAE = 0.24 t/ha). The RF model also performed well on reduced datasets (R² = 0.75 with five indices and R² = 0.70 with NDVI. The SVR model showed a significant decline in performance as the number of features decreased (from R² = 0.74 to R² = 0.64). The study results have practical significance for optimizing remote crop monitoring, demonstrating the feasibility of effective yield forecasting using a minimal set of spectral data.

The irrational use of pastures in the Republic of Tyva has led to the degradation of pasture lands against the background of soil degradation. In 2023, soil and geobotanical studies were conducted in six districts (kozhuuns) of the Republic of Tyva, which aimed at determining the current fertility status of degraded soils in the republic under conditions of climate aridization. In connection with this goal, the following tasks were solved: identification of typical degraded sites (polygons) to study the erosion processes in various soil and climatic zones – in the mountainous steppe of the Khemchik basin (polygons Aksy-Barlyk, Aldan-Maadyr, Suk-Aksy, Tev-Khaya) and in the foothills of Sangilen (Samagaltai); on the flat areas of the steppe of the Ulug -Khem basin (Sukpak, Tos - Bulak), the dry steppe and desolate steppes of the Ubsunur basin (Moren, Erzin); morphological description of soil sections of the study sites; conducting a geobotanical survey of the territory of the identified polygons; assessing the agrochemical properties of disturbed soils; determining ways to restore the fertility of the degraded lands. The investigations have established that the disturbed chestnut and alluvial soils are low-yielding, cha racterized by a very low content of organic matter. These soils also have a slightly alkaline reaction of the environment due to the close occurrence of the ВСа carbonate horizon and the predominantly exudational water regime. The content of ammonium nitrogen is very low, and the mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium vary significantly across the studied sites. To restore the potential fertility of these soils, it is necessary to introduce pasture rotation, surface improvement measures and water reclamation.

The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the ecological plasticity and stability of oilseed flax varieties and breeding lines based on the criterion of "yield". The study was carried out in the conditions of the south of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region in 2019–2023. The objects of the research were 8 promising breeding lines of oil flax. The released variety Kinelsky 2000 was adopted as the standard. The study also included the VNIIMK 620 variety as the most common in the regionʼs production areas. Two out of five years – 2020 and 2021 – were the most favorable for the formation of high yields of oil flax seeds with a positive value of the environment index. On average, over the years of the study, the flax seed yield varied within the range of 1.39–1.77 t/ha. The highest yield indicators were provided by the lines Kin × Wal/2011 k/s, L-4764, L-4910, L-7309/14-9 with a statistically significant excess over the standard variety of 11.9–23.8%. The most stable yield over the years were demonstrated by the lines Kin × Lin/2011 k/s, Kin × Wal/2011 k/s, Kin × Lin/2010 w/s and L-619223, the variation coefficient of which was the lowest among the studied varieties and lines (24.46–30.92%). When analyzing the ecological plasticity index, the lines most responsive to improved growing conditions were identified: L-4910 and L-7309/14-9, the regression coefficient of which exceeded one. Highly plastic lines L-4910, Kin × Wal/2011 k/s, characterized by strong responsiveness to changes in environmental conditions, are promising for inclusion in breeding programs for the creation of highly productive varieties of intensive oil flax.

The article provides information on the biological potential of new varieties of fiber flax of the FRC BFC selection in terms of fiber content, yield and number of long fibers, the range of variation of values of which is from 26.6 to 37.5%, from 19.1 to 32.5%, from 11.00 to 14.20 the numbers, respectively. According to the results of the control developments of flax straw of various quality carried out in the AO “Vyshnevolotsky Flax Plant” of the Tver region from 2019 to 2023, the maximum degree of use of the biological potential of the varieties based on fiber productivity was determined. It was found that with the range of variation in the section of varieties in terms of long fiber yield from 7.6 to 16.6%, the degree of potential utilization varies from 31.0 to 56.8%. For a long fiber number, this criterion ranges from 70.4 to 90.9%, with the number varying from 10.00 to 11.00. The degree of use of the biological potential according to a complex indicator - long fiber percentage numbers, the change in values of which was from 31.0 to 182.6, ranges from 9.7 to 48.1%. It has been proved that the role of the variety in ensuring an increase in the efficiency of processing flax is significant. The values for the yield of long fiber from a flax fiber having the number 1.00, depending on the variety, differ by 6.9%, in its quality by 2.00 numbers. The range of variation in the values of the same signs (flax straw number 1.75) is 7.5% and 1.00 number. Such differences can lead to a 25% reduction in the cost of fiber products. Despite the low degree of realization of the biological potential according to the percentage of long fiber, varieties with the optimal proportion of long fiber, taking into account its number, have been identified. The ratio of the specific gravity of long and short fiber percentages for the best varieties of fiber flax is in the following proportions: 74 : 26% (Sursky), 73 : 27% (Alexsan drit), 68 : 32% (Visit).

Information is provided on the species composition of weeds of the Buckwheat family (Polygonaceae) stably growing in the south of the Primorsky Territory and dominating in agrocenoses. The purpose of the study is to analyze plants of the Buckwheat family as a component of weed vegetation in the south of the Primorsky Territory depending on the type of the habitat. Field research was carried out using the traditional route reconnaissance method in 2018–2023 in urban and rural settlements and on the territory of the V.L. Komarov Ussurisky Nature Reserve. During the course of the work, literature data and information from Internet resources were analyzed, and herbarium samples were studied. Phenological observations and photographs of the objects from their habitats were taken. 31 species of the Buckwheat family were discovered, which are the background for the natural or adventive flora of the region under study; 27 species were found on the territory of the Ussurisky Nature Reserve, 12 were included in the list of the weeds in the Primorsky Territory. Many of the plants discovered can be used as feed in animal husbandry and beekeeping, as well as in technological processes and in everyday life for various purposes. Currently, the following species: Acetosa pratensis, Cephalophilon ne palense, Chylocalyx perfoliatus, Fagopyrum tataricum, Fallopia convolvulus, Polygonum aviculare, Persicaria hydropiper, P. bungeana, P. longiseta, P. viscosa, P. viscofera, Rumex crispus are recorded in most administrative-territorial regions of the region and are actively spreading across anthropogenically transformed areas. We propose to add the following species to the list of the weeds in the Primorsky Territory: Acetosa pratensis, Cephalophilon nepalense, Persicaria longiseta, P. viscose.

The paper presents the results of a field study on the effectiveness of the entomophagous insect Habrobracon hebetor (Say, 1836) and bio-rational insecticides BioKill, EC (10 g/l) and Proclaim, WSG (50 g/kg). The experiments were conducted in the Primorsky Territory in 2022-2023. The Asian corn borer was the research object. The design of the experiment included seven variants: the control (without any treatment and the use of the entomophagous insect) and treatments with insecticides and single and double release of the parasitoids. The experiment was carried out with three repetitions. The area of the experimental field plot was 28 m². The effectiveness was determined depending on the degree of the damage caused to plants (point score) according to the methodology of I.D. Shapiro. The research goal was to study the biological efficacy of Habrobracon hebetor (Say, 1836) in combination with the insecticides against the Asian corn borer. During the research, a high percentage of damage to the cob and cob stalk, as well as breakage of the stem and tassel by the corn borer, was identified in the control variant – 10 and 15%, 36.7 and 16.8%, respectively. The lowest degree of damage was cha racteristic of the variants with the use of Proclaim, WSG + the double release of the entomophagous insect – 0.2 points and with the use of Biokill, EC + the single release of the parasitoid – 0.3 points. The use of bio-insecticide Proclaim, WSG, in combination with the double release of Habrobracon hebetor (Say, 1836) showed high biological efficacy. The highest gain in grain yield per ear (21 g) in comparison to the control was found in the variant with the use of Proclaim, WSG (0.2 kg/ha), and the double release of the entomophagous insect.

In the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, the possibility of using festulolium for fodder purposes has been proven, both in single-species crops and in grass mixtures with perennial leguminous grasses. The research was conducted in 2021–2023 at a scientific and experimental station located in the Novosibirsk region. The field experiment includes the following species: awnless brome Rassvet, perennial ryegrass VIK 66, red fescue Maksima 1, festulolium VIK 90, Hungarian sainfoin SibNIIK 30, and white clover Rivendel. It has been established that festulolium and red fescue (99%) stood out as the most winter-hardy among perennial grasses. When using single-species perennial grass crops for grazing, the highest dry matter yield was obtained from awnless brome grass – 31.9 c/ha, with the application of N₁₄P₆₀K₆₀ mineral fertilizers – 46.0 c/ha. Festulolium is slightly inferior (by 8–12%) to it, with a dry matter yield of 28.2 c/ha without mineral fertilizers and 42.8 c/ha with mineral fertilizers. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained in the variant with perennial ryegrass sowing – 23.1 and 30.4 c/ha, respectively. In mixed stands of perennial grasses and legumes, the highest dry matter yield was obtained in a mixture of awnless brome, Hungarian sainfoin and festulolium – 35.7 c/ha, with the application of mineral fertilizers N₁₄P₆₀K₆₀ – 47.2 c/ha. The application of mineral fertilizers in grass mixtures resulted in a 33–35% increase in yield. Among perennial grasses, festulolium had the highest digestible protein content per 1 feed unit (116 g), while perennial ryegrass had the lowest (107 g).

The analysis of the effect of adding kelp to the diet of young horses of the Yakutian breed on metabolism and energy is presented. It was shown that young animals in the experimental group that received laminaria in their diet demonstrated higher utilization of calcium and phosphorus, with an increase in their content in the body by 3.98% and 1.64%, respectively. This indicates an improved absorption of essential nutrients. It was noted that although the amount of gross energy consumed by the young animals in the experimental and control groups was relatively equal, the gross energy metabolism in the young animals in the experimental group was 1.16% higher, which indicates more efficient use of energy in the body. The young animals in the control group were inferior to their counterparts in the experimental group in terms of the digestibility coefficient of crude fiber (by 1.8%), dry matter (by 1.4%), organic matter (by 1.9%), and nitrogen-free extractive substances (by 5.5%) (P ≥ 0.95). The dynamics of live weight was also marked. At the beginning of the experiment, live weight of young animals in both groups was approximately the same, but by the end of the experiment, animals in the experimental group showed more intensive growth, increasing by 5.20 kg compared to 3.67 kg in the control group. The results of the studies indicate a direct effect of kelp supplementation on the growth rate and metabolism of young horses. Adding kelp to the diet promotes more efficient use of calcium and phosphorus, improves nutrient absorption, increases metabolic energy, and promotes intensive animal growth. These factors can be important when planning the feeding and care of young horses to achieve optimal growth and development.

Along with Chinese-made tractors, various agricultural machines from China began to enter the Russian agricultural machinery market. Analysis of technical and economic indicators of Chinese and Russian plows and plows from leading Western brands has been made. During the research, computational, computational-constructive, economic-mathematical methods, as well as methods of compa rison, measurement, and description were used. The operational properties and optimal composition of plowing units in combination with tractors from various manufacturers and traction classes with Chinese-made Optitech plows have been determined. Based on theoretical calculations and test drives, it was concluded that the RSM-2375 tractor can be used effectively with the Optitech PL 850 On land plow. The materials used for the study were the operating instructions for Optitech PL 850 plows of various designs with different working widths for a single body, as well as the operating instructions for the RSM-2375 tractor. A comparative analysis of the operational properties of the plowing unit when working “outside the furrow” and “in the furrow” with a specific ballasting option was carried out during a test drive, followed by a comparison with theoretical studies. The optimal configurations of the plowing units have been determined for tractors of various manufacturers and traction classes, and recommendations have been prepared for assembling units with plows with different numbers of bodies and different working widths per body. Prior to the test drive, theoretical calculations were performed to determine the optimal operating characteristics of the RSM-2375 tractor under various ballasting conditions. A comparative analysis of the plowing unit was carried out during a test drive and with different ballasting options, and theoretical calculations were made. Chinese-made agricultural machinery, particularly plows, are well suited for use in Russian agricultural production.

This publication examines the main prerequisites for the implementation and specifics of creating backup ventilation systems for typical large-scale poultry farms. The modern equipment used to provide microclimatic conditions, including combined tunnel-type ventilation systems, are completely dependent on electricity. In the event of any emergency related to the power supply of the poultry complex, almost the entire population of the serviced birds dies from suffocation and overheating. Summer high-temperature periods are especially dangerous, since when the main ventilation system stops, air exchange with the environment completely stops due to the equality of the temperatures inside and outside the premises. The publication proposes to consider an alternative: the movement of the air mass based on the principle of its convection. The logic of the presentation of the material in the publication makes it possible to understand both the relevance of the economic aspect of the predicted risk of accidents and loss of profitability, and the reliability of the design of the functional structure with the creation of a basic diagram of the technical solution that eliminates such risks. The mechanism for creating vector flows that affect the formation and relocation of temperature fields, as well as the multiplicity of the air exchange inside large-sized technological premises, is presented not only in the form of a schematic diagram based on ice generators, but also formalized into a methodological algorithm included in the plan of a computational experiment, the purpose of which is to evaluate the functionality and manufacturability of the tested project. A feature of the proposed approach is that with significant energy consumption, the possibility of its redistribution to ensure the operation of the cooling circuit system with ice generators is not excluded. Due to the "saved" electricity, the backup ventilation system, being in the "cold" standby mode, is potentially ready to start the process of convection ventilation of the poultry shop when it is disconnected from the power grid for the period of repair and restoration work.

The production of processed products from two- or three-component grain mixtures based on grains and oilseeds ensures the production of products with a balanced composition, containing the necessary amounts of nutraceuticals, substances with therapeutic and prophylactic properties, which can be used in the production of special-purpose food products. Composite wheat-flax-camelina flour was used as the research object in various ratios: 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20. The content of flaxseed and camelina flour in the composition was in equal proportions: 2,5 : 2,5; 5,0 : 5,0; 7,5 : 7,5 and 10,0 : 10,0. A technology has been developed for a bakery product in the form of tinned bread made from wheat, flax, and camelina flour in various proportions. The physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties of composite wheat-flax-camelina flour with different ratios for the production of tinned bread have been determined. A recipe for bakery products in the form of tinned bread made of composite wheat-flax-camelina flour of various ratios has been developed. Based on the results of physicochemical analyses and organoleptic evaluation of the presented samples, it has been established that sample of tinned bread No. 3, made of wheat-flax-camelina flour containing 15% of the enriching flax-camelina component, has the best characteristics. It has been revealed that with an increase in the amount of flax-camelina component in the composite flour mixture, the content of proteins, fats and essential amino acids in the tinned bread increases, while the amount of carbohydrates in the product decreases. It has been established that with an increase in the amount of flax-camelina component, the biological value increases and the energy value of the tinned bread decreases. The finished products are enriched with proteins, fats, amino acids, have the most attractive commercial appearance and good organoleptic properties.

The food security of the Russian Federation is largely determined by the production of grain crops, and especially wheat. However, the shortage of financial and labor resources and the implementation of extensive technologies do not allow agricultural producers to realize the achievements of scientific and technological progress. New approaches to agriculture and its mechanical and technical support are needed, as well as the search for innovative solutions based on the principle of multidisciplina rity. However, the technical problem is caused by the incompleteness of the applied technical means and the lack of a control theory. The existing domestic technology is capable of implementing only traditional technologies without taking into account the statistical characteristics of soil properties. In this regard, the main objective of this study was to establish the relationship between the parameters of technological processes and technical equipment and the basic physical and mechanical properties and conditions of the soil for the implementation of resource-saving technologies that ensure the efficiency of grain crop cultivation. During the study, analysis of the mechanical and technological processes used in grain cultivation was conducted, the most significant factors and indicators affecting the efficiency of grain cultivation were identified, and ways and means of managing the efficiency of grain cultivation in Siberia were proposed. The reason for high energy consumption in technological processes was also established, and a competitive grain crop yield was justified. A rational structure of the recommended levels of technology intensity and innovative mechanical and technological solutions for soil cultivation processes were developed. The proposed ways to increase the efficiency of grain crop cultivation make it possible to tap into unused resources and become the basis for innovative mechanical and technological solutions within the framework of implementing resource-saving technologies in adaptive landscape farming in Siberia.